Abstract: A data processing equipment having an input to receive an input stream of data frames. The data frames contain a repeating trace message, each instance of the trace message being divided in fragments distributed over a series of data frames. The data processing equipment further includes a trace message processor receiving the repeating trace message in the input stream. The trace message processor performs a first action when the input stream carries less than N consecutive anomalous instances of the trace message and a second action different from the first action when the input stream carries N or more consecutive anomalous instances of the trace message.

Abstract: A switch core includes a first switch element which receives a trigger and changes a first connection map at a predetermined point relative to receipt of a data frame following the trigger and a second switch element which receives the trigger and changes a second connection map at a predetermined point relative to receipt of a data frame following the trigger.

Abstract: The invention provides a termination equipment for use in a data network such as a SONET data network. The termination equipment has a data input for receiving a plurality of data frames, each data frame including an overhead component and a payload component. An overhead processor performs a termination operation on the overhead components of the data frames. The overhead processor has a control input to receive control information designating at least one data slot of the overhead component to be preserved during the termination operation. The overhead processor is responsive to the control information to perform a selective termination operation on the plurality of data frames, preserving data in the at least one data slot designated for preservation. The selective termination operation produces an output data stream containing payload data from the payload components of the plurality of data frames and data from the at least one data slot designated for preservation.

Abstract: A serial data stream is mapped through a cross-connect via two or more parallel independent shelves. The serial data stream is split into at least two sub-streams. If the lead frame of a sub-stream contains a concatenation indicator, it is replacing by a valid payload pointer, and a split indicator is inserted into the frame. Each of the sub-streams is then mapped through the cross-connect via a respective parallel independent shelf. Finally, the sub-streams are recombined to form an output serial data stream equivalent to the original serial data stream. If the lead frame of a sub-stream contains a split indicator, a concatenation indicator is inserted into the corresponding frame of the output serial data stream to restore the concatenation of the original serial data stream. Otherwise, a payload pointer within the lead frame is replaced by a valid payload pointer in the corresponding frame of the output data stream.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for generating a signal for transmission over a link between two ICs is provided. The apparatus receives an input signal comprising payload data to be transmitted and processes the payload data in the input signal to derive forward error correction data. An output signal is generated, the output signal comprising the payload data received in the input signal and the generated forward error correction data. The output signal is released for transmission over the link between two ICs. The link between two ICs may include for example a backplane or a link between two ICs on a same circuit pack. The use of forward error correction data in a signal carried over a conducting medium suitable for carrying electrical signals is also provided.

Abstract: A synchronizer/de-synchronizer maps continuous format signals of an arbitrary rate into frames of pre-selected single common rate, such as SONET frames, with no bits changed and very little jitter or wander added. In this way, the continuous format signal may be carried transparently as a tributary of a SONET network. Each frame comprises a definite number of fixed stuff bits, including transport overhead bits and reminder fixed stuff bits. A frame also comprises an adjustable number of adaptive stuff bits, resulting from the phase difference between the arbitrary rate and the common rate. A mapping function is performed in a tributary unit shelf of a SONET transport shelf, and the reverse mapping function is performed in a similar way at the far end of a SONET connection. The stuff bits are spread uniformly within the frame.

Abstract: multiple sub-streams are aharmonicaly interleaved into a high speed data signal by interleaving successive blocks of data from each sub-stream into the high-speed data signal using a predetermined interleaving pattern that is different for two consecutive sequences of N (an integer >2) blocks of data within the high-speed data signal. The resulting irregular distribution of bits of each sub-stream within the high speed data signal reduces the probability that error bursts due to low frequency noise will be localized in one or more of the recovered sub-stream extracted from the high speed data signal. This improved distribution of bit errors across the sub-streams reduces bit error rates in the most highly errored sub-streams, and thereby enables an increase in signal reach.

Abstract: A configuration for a transport node of a telecommunication system comprises a pair of transparent mux/demuxs provided at two sites and connected over a high rate span. The T-Muxs provide continuity of all tribs and maintain a lower bit rate linear or ring system through the higher bit rate span. The lower bit rate linear or ring system operates as if it were directly connected without the higher bit rate midsection. For the forward direction of the traffic, the T-Mux comprises a multi-channel receiver for receiving a the trib signals and providing for each trib signal a trib data signal and a trib OAM&P signal. The data signals are multiplexed into a supercarrier data signal and the OAM&P signals are processed to generate a supercarrier OAM&P signal. A supercarrier transmitter maps the supercarrier data signal and the supercarrier OAM&P signal into a supercarrier signal and transmits same over the high rate span. Reverse operations are effected for the reverse direction of traffic.

Abstract: Architectures for a synchronous transport network of a telecommunications system using transparent transport capabilities are presented. The telecommunications network comprises a pair of transparent multiplexers (TMuxs) connected over a bidirectional high speed span for transparently transporting high rate traffic. Each TMux consolidates traffic from a plurality (I) of linear systems or a plurality of bidirectional self-healing rings, each ring (Ki) having a ring rate Ri and at least two nodes (Ai, Bi). In another configuration, each TMux subtends a plurality of rings, such TMuxes being adapted for connection as ring nodes in a high-speed ring. The upgrades obtained with TMuxes in both the linear and ring configurations provide for per span relief for fiber exhaust where no changes to the existing systems are desired. As well, the bandwidth of an existing system may be increased on a per-span basis or the equipment count may be reduced.

Abstract: A configuration for a SONET transport node comprises a pair of transparent mux/demuxs provided at two sites and connected over a high rate span. The T-Muxs provide continuity of all tribs and maintain a lower bit rate linear or ring system through the higher bit rate span. The lower bit rate linear or ring system operates as if it were directly connected without the higher bit rate midsection. For the forward direction of the traffic, the T-Mux comprises a multi-channel receiver for receiving the trib signals and providing for each trib signal a trib SPE and a trib OH. The trib SPEs are multiplexed into a supercarrier SPE and the trib OHs signals are processed to generate a supercarrier OH. A supercarrier transmitter maps the supercarrier SPE and the supercarrier OH into a supercarrier signal and transmits same over the high rate span. Reverse operations are effected for the reverse direction of traffic.