Abstract: A system for low power chemical sensing can include a voltage shift unit which receives a voltage signal from a chemical sensor unit. The voltage signal can be determined by a concentration of an analyte. The voltage shift unit can transform the voltage signal to an input voltage signal, and send the input voltage signal to a plurality of frequency selective surface (FSS) units of an FSS array. The FSS array can communicate a radio frequency (RF) signal in an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) S band with a resonant frequency based on the input voltage to provide the concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: A frame assembly for retaining a tool for use in a press having a gripper margin that is larger than the gripper margin of the tool. The assembly includes a frame member having a lower wall including an opening, back wall and upper wall defining a rectangular channel. Also include is a rectangular spacer adapted to fit within said channel and sized to increase the effective length of the tool to match the gripper margin of the tool with the gripper margin of the press. The assembly further includes an extension on said spacer located to engage an opening in the lower wall.

Abstract: A hand tool consisting of an outer grip having an elongate inner housing formed therein engages with wing knobs used to tighten and loosen hanging file clamps. The outer grip is provided with a plurality of planar elongate gripping surfaces to enable a user to apply greater force to the wing knobs, which are frequently over-tightened by previous users. A pair of lattitudinally extending inner frame members are used to form two receiving areas for the wing knobs, a central elongate recess receives wing knobs of smaller diameter. By vertically recessing the upper surfaces of the inner frame members, wing knobs of greater diameter are received within the entire elongate inner housing.

Abstract: Improved water monitoring systems comprise a test unit having an analytical device and a control system in communication with the test unit such that water supply data generated at the test unit can be communicated to the control system. In some embodiments, the analytical device can be a fluorometer that can monitor the fluorescence induction pattern of algae located in the water, which can indicate, when the induction pattern is compared against known baseline induction patterns, the potential presence of toxic chemicals located in the water supply. In other embodiments, the analytical device can comprise, for example, a pH meter, an infrared spectroscopy (IR) device or the like. In some embodiments, the test unit can provide continuous intake, analysis, and can communicate water supply data to the control system via a wireless communication device, fiber optic cable or the like.

Abstract: A wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer is provided with a polycrystalline analyzer for analyzing characteristic spectra of a sample. The polycrystalline analyzer provides a multiple spectrum of characteristic lines which are separated by appropriate pulse height analysis. Each of these sets of characteristic lines of the elements of the sample are provided at different dispersion and wavelength ranges.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved spectographic X-ray tube in which heat dissipation through the beryllium window of the X-ray tube is improved by way of a thin layer disposed on the inside of the beryllium window. The coating layer is of copper and disposed on the inside of the beryllium window for the best effects for improving heat dissipation by the window.

Abstract: A two crystal detection system is provided for the measurement of X-ray spectra in which two half crystals are arranged at a fixed angular difference and each crystal is read out by a separate gas detector. In such a structure, both short "d" and long "d" spacings may be simultaneously measured. This construction of the present invention yields two integrated scanning channels in which both wavelength spectra can simultaneously be achieved.

Abstract: A unique composite structure is provided for calibration of diffractometer at low values of 2.theta.. This composite structure involves a layer of silicon powder and a plurality of monolayers of a heavy metal stearate on the silicon powder. A lead stearate layered material has been found to provide significant results for enabling calibration below 20.degree..

Abstract: Disclosed is an x-ray monochromator assembly comprising a receiving slit, a collimator and a monochromator crystal. The collimator is mounted so as to be selectively removable from the x-ray beam.

Abstract: An X-ray analyzing crystal exhibiting good deterioration resistant qualities, comprising an acid phthalate crystal and a relatively inert layer disposed at a surface of said layer, which surface is intended for impingement by X-rays.