Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite material comprising a graphene-based material, manganese oxide, and group II metal ions. The graphene based material may be functionalised with an organic moiety comprising an acidic functional group. The composite material may function as a catalyst for electrolysis of water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor comprising an electrode and a membrane in which the biosensor includes at least two zones each zone differing from each other zone in a property. The membrane includes a plurality of ionophores, at least a proportion of which are capable of lateral diffusion within the membrane. A plurality of first binding partner molecules are attached to membrane elements positioned within a first zone such that the first binding partner molecules are prevented from diffusing laterally into a second zone. Second binding partner molecules are attached to the ionophores and the rate of lateral diffusion within the membrane of the first binding partner molecules and second binding partner molecules is different.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor comprising an electrode and a membrane in which the biosensor includes at least two zones each zone differing from each other zone in a property. The membrane includes a plurality of ionophores, at least a proportion of which are capable of lateral diffusion within the membrane. A plurality of first binding partner molecules are attached to membrane elements positioned within a first zone such that the first binding partner molecules are prevented from diffusing laterally into a second zone. Second binding partner molecules are attached to the ionophores and the rate of lateral diffusion within the membrane of the first binding partner molecules and second binding partner molecules is different.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor comprising an electrode and a membrane in which the biosensor includes at least two zones each zone differing from each other zone in a property. The membrane includes a plurality of ionophores, at least a proportion of which are capable of lateral diffusion within the membrane. A plurality of first binding partner molecules are attached to membrane elements positioned within a first zone such that the first binding partner molecules are prevented from diffusing laterally into a second zone. Second binding partner molecules are attached to the ionophores and the rate of lateral diffusion within the membrane of the first binding partner molecules and second binding partner molecules is different.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising:(1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations;(2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode;(3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and(4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.