Abstract: A void former for forming a void in a concrete element is described. The void is adapted to receive at least one pliant reinforcing member. The void former is shaped or configured so that the void formed by said void former comprises an aperture in a surface of the concrete element for a said pliant reinforcing member to at least enter the void, and an internal surface shaped to direct the pliant reinforcing member through the void and back towards the surface of the concrete element to exit the void at the surface of the concrete element at a distance away from a portion of the pliant reinforcing member entering the void. A concrete element comprising a void, and a structure or building comprising a concrete element, and a method of reinforcing a concrete element or a building or structure is also described.