Abstract: Knowledge-bases are disclosed. In accordance with preferred embodiments, such knowledge-bases comprise pluralities of knowledge-elements as well as pluralities of knowledge-relationships dynamically forming the relationships among the knowledge-elements. Such knowledge-base may be assessed to determine knowledge syntheses of utility per se or to capture further knowledge-elements for augmentation of the knowledge-base. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the knowledge-base is used to exert operative control over one or more manipulable device.