Abstract: Para-alkylated diphenylamine antioxidants are made by catalytically alkylating diphenylamine with an alkylating agent in the form of a mixture of branched-chain oligomers of butene, the alkylating agent having an average molecular weight in the range of 140 to 300 and a methylvinylidene isomer content of no greater than 10%.

Abstract: A process for making an additive comprising one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible molybdenum-sulfur compounds, said process comprising the steps of: (I) reacting in a polar medium a reactant molybdenum compound (A) and a source of a ligand (B), which ligand (B) is capable of rendering the or each molybdenum-sulfur compound oil-soluble or oil-dispersible; and (II) reacting a compound (C), which is capable of reacting with labile sulfur, either with (a) the reaction mixture of step (I) after the reaction of (A) and (B) has begun or (b) the product of step (I). The additive has improved color characteristics and a lubricating oil composition comprising said additive is more benign to corrosion of metals.

Abstract: A process for preparation of an ammonium polythiomolybdate or a hydrate thereof of the formula (NH4)2Mo3S13.n H2O where n is 0, 1 or 2, in which aqueous ammonium monosulfide, elemental sulfur and molybdic oxide are reacted in a sealed reactor, with hydrogen sulfide gas being fed into the reactor until the hydrogen sulfide is no longer absorbed by the reaction mixture to form a reaction product and then heating the reaction product in a sealed reactor, the concentration of ammonium monosulfide in the reaction mixture being controlled throughout the reaction such that reactor pressure does not exceed 700 kPa (100 psig).

Abstract: A process for producing an ammonium polythiomolybdate of the formula (NH4)2Mo3S13.n H2O where n is 0, 1 or 2 in which an aqueous ammoniacal molybdate solution is reacted with hydrogen sulfide gas in a closed system at superatmospheric pressure until the H2S is no longer absorbed by the solution to form a slurry of solid ammonium tetrathiomolybdate containing a portion of the starting molybdenum in a mother liquor containing the balance of the molybdenum and thereafter heat soaking the reaction product in the presence of elemental sulfur to form the desired product.

Abstract: A process for making an additive comprising one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible molybdenum-sulfur compounds, said process comprising the steps of:

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition is provided comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of, as an additive, at least one compound comprising a metal core and bonded thereto one or more ligands capable of rendering the compound oil-soluble or oil-dispersible, at least one ligand having at least two hydrocarbyl groups of which one has 1 to 7 carbon atoms and the other or another has more carbon atoms.

Abstract: A low-sediment, low-tar, chlorine-free thermal process for preparing oil-soluble polyalkenyl derivatives of monounsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 monocarboxylic acid producing compounds and monounsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid producing compounds is disclosed. The process involves reacting the mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing compound with a polyalkene at high temperature and under high inert gas partial pressure in the presence of a sediment-inhibiting amount of hydrocarbyl substituted sulfonic acid. The polyalkenyl derivatives are useful per se as additives in lubricating oils, functional fluids, and fuels and are also useful as intermediates in the preparation of other products (e.g., succinimides) useful as additives in lubricating oils, functional fluids, and fuels.

Abstract: A low-sediment, low-tar, chlorine-free thermal process for preparing oil-soluble polyalkenyl derivatives of monounsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid producing compounds is disclosed. The process involves reacting the dicarboxylic acid producing compound with a polyalkene at high temperature and under high inert gas partial pressure in the presence of a sediment-inhibiting amount of hydrocarbyl substituted sulfonic acid. The polyalkenyl derivatives are useful per se as additives in lubricating oils, functional fluids, and fuels and are also useful as intermediates in the preparation of other products (e.g., succinimides) useful as additives in lubricating oils, functional fluids, and fuels.

Abstract: A low sediment process for forming a borated, oil soluble, polymer-substituted, nitrogen- or ester-containing lubricating oil additive. A polymer-substituted, nitrogen- or ester-containing additive in the presence of a solvent therefor, is contacted under boronating reaction conditions in a reaction zone with particulate boric acid. The boric acid has a particle size distribution in lubricating oil characterized by a .phi. value of not greater than about 450. The .phi. value is the ratio of said particles' total spherical volume divided by said particles' total spherical external surface area; i.e., ##EQU1## wherein, for each of a plurality of distribution segments defining a particle size range; d.sub.i is the average particle diameter for the ith distribution segment; N.sub.i is the particle volume percent of the ith distribution segment; and the sum is taken over all the distribution segments.