Abstract: Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula II

Abstract: Silica is rendered hydrophobic by a catalyst-free, in-situ process that includes contact with a hydrophobing agent under vacuum at elevated temperature for a time sufficient to replace adsorbed water in the silica with the hydrophobing agent. The resulting dispersion of hydrophobic silica in an inert, liquid, hydrophobic carrier medium is then subjected to high shear forces for a time sufficient to produce a homogeneous dispersion of hydrophobic silica particles in a defoaming composition.

Abstract: Polymeric compounds useful as low foaming surfactants and defoaming and stabilizing agents for aqueous-and nonaqueous-based compositions, and to processes for the preparation of the polymeric compounds, wherein the polymeric compounds are the reaction products of reactants comprising

Abstract: Products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula IIR.sub.3 (EO).sub.n (PO).sub.m OH (II)wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems are effective as defoamers, viscosity reducers and crystallization preventives for aqueous surfactant solutions, particularly alkyl polyglycosides.

Abstract: Latexes are thicknened by a blend of a urethane compound effective as an associative thickener and a non-urethane compound of the formula: R.sup.1 --(O--A).sub.a --B.sup.1 --R.sup.2 --(B.sup.2 --R.sup.3).sub.d --(B.sup.3 --(A'--O).sub.b-f --(A'--B.sup.4).sub.f --R.sup.4 --(B.sup.5 --R.sup.5).sub.e).sub.n --B.sup.6 --(A"O).sub.c --R.sup.6, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are monovalent hydrophobic groups independently selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a substituted aromatic group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, aromatic, or substituted aromatic radicals, each radical being divalent or trivalent; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl and lower aralkyl; B.sup.1, B.sup.2, B.sup.3, B.sup.4, B.sup.5 and B.sup.

Abstract: Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula IIR.sub.3 (EO).sub.n (PO).sub.m OH (II)wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems. The defoamers are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate foam and have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are readily biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and do not affect the detergency of surfactants with which they are used because they are nonionic surfactants in themselves.

Abstract: Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula IIR.sub.3 (EO).sub.n (PO).sub.m OH (II)wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems. The defoamers are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate foam and have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are readily biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and do not affect the detergency of surfactants with which they are used because they are nonionic surfactants in themselves.

Abstract: Properties of cured autodeposited coatings are improved by contacting the uncured form of the autodeposited coating with an alkaline material, for example, with an aqueous solution of ammonium bicarbonate, or a hydroxide of an alkali metal or ammonia.

Abstract: Pinhole and blister formation during autodeposition coating of active metal objects, particularly galvanized steel, other zinciferous surfaces, and even ordinary steel that has been abraded, scratched, or otherwise strained, can be greatly reduced by exposing the active metal surfaces to a solution containing cystine before using a autodeposition process itself, or by adding cystine to an otherwise conventional autodeposition composition.

Abstract: An autodeposition bath for coating steel and similar metals is operated initially with a low content of dissolved iron and at a high oxidizing potential. After the iron content has increased beyond a specific level, such as 1.5 g/l, the oxidizing potential is reduced. This permits continued satisfactory operation of the bath with lower rates of iron accumulation in the bath, so that the need for bath stabilization by removing dissolved iron is deferred.

Abstract: An autodepositing coating composition for coating metallic surfaces comprising resin, persulfate, and optionally, fluoride, and having a pH of at least about 6.

Abstract: A process of enhancing the gloss and retaining the corrosion resistance of an autodeposited coating on a metallic surface by contacting the coating with a reaction rinse solution containing an amphoteric surface active agent and an alkaline material, and then rinsing the coating, preferably with deionized water. The coating preferably comprises a vinylidene chloride copolymer, and the metallic surface preferbly comprises a ferriferrous surface.

Abstract: An aqueous autodepositing coating composition for coating metallic surfaces comprising resin, persulfate and, optionally, fluoride, which is effective in coating at a pH of about 4 to about 8.5.

Abstract: Continuous autodeposition from a bath having a low solids concentration and stable coating characteristics is achieved by close control of bath iron concentration, preferably by maintaining iron concentration below about 1.5 gm/l by controlled discard and replacement of bath volume.