Abstract: A method and apparatus for connecting side-by-side recumbent bicycles to form a quadracycle. The apparatus includes a pair of recumbent bicycles having front wheels and rear wheels. The bicycles have substantially rigid frame members supporting the front wheels and the rear wheels, and the frame members are aligned substantially upright and parallel. The apparatus also includes a single rigid connecting member located between the frame members and attached thereto such that substantially upright planes defined by the frame members always remain substantially parallel. The connecting member has an attachment means to at least one of the frame members such that the frame member rotates relative to the connecting member within a substantially upright plane about the attachment means in order to maintain the front wheels and the rear wheels in contact with an uneven road surface as the quadracycle moves over it.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing rainwater overflow protection for a roof gutter. The method includes removing rainwater under the force of gravity from the gutter via a conduit connected at an opening in a substantially vertical wall at one end of the gutter. A further step includes directing the rainwater from the opening through a downward turning transition section in the conduit such that a substantially horizontal rainwater flow direction is gradually converted to a downward flow direction. A portion of the rainwater may be further directed via the conduit from the gutter to a conventional downspout connected to a bottom surface of the gutter. In this alternative, the conduit joins the conventional downspout at a location at least six inches below the bottom surface of the gutter and serves as a bypass for a plugged conventional downspout opening.

Abstract: A method for bonding a tensioned elastic garter to a substrate while holding the garter in a predetermined shape. A garter is any continuous loop of elastic material or a laminate of elastic bands and one or more flexible backing sheets. In one embodiment a mandrel has a top surface and side walls. The side walls have recesses. A tensioned garter is wrapped around the side walls such that it spans the recesses. A substrate is placed against the top surface of the mandrel. An anvil surface is positioned to backup the substrate. Sealing tools pass through the recesses and intercept the tensioned garter and press it against the substrate backed up by the anvil surface. Thermobonding or adhesive sealing occur at spots where sealing tools press the tensioned garter against the substrate and anvil. The garter is stripped from the mandrel either by moving the substrate away from the mandrel or by having the sealing tools push the garter off the mandrel side walls.

Abstract: A method for scaling a flexible inner bag inside a squeezebottle so that the flexible inner bag will invert in order to dispense viscous fluids. The method is particularly useful in single-piece squeezebottles which have a small ratio of discharge opening cross-section to body cross-section. In practicing the present invention, a flexible inner bag has heat-activated adhesive stripes applied to the upper half of its exterior. The flexible inner bag is inserted into a squeezebottle through the discharge opening and then expanded inside the squeezebottle by compressed air. After the flexible inner bag is fully expanded, and with pressure applied to the inside of the flexible inner bag, heat is applied either to the inside of the bag or to the outside of the squeezebottle by hot air, steam, radiation, or induction heating of metal particles in the adhesive. The adhesive is heat-activated and the upper half of the flexible inner bag is thereby attached to the inner side wall of the squeezebottle.

Abstract: A process for forming, handling, affixing, and inverting a thin plastic half bag to a continuous inner side wall of an outer plastic container. A non-metallic mandrel is used as a tool for thermoforming a half bag over the top of the mandrel. The top of the mandrel with bag attached is inserted into an open end of the outer plastic container. A continuous stripe of heat-activated adhesive containing metal particles is bonded to the exterior of the half bag at the open end of the half bag. When the half bag is inserted, the stripe of adhesive is positioned near the midpoint of the container. A magnetic induction field generated near the container midpoint heats the metal particles in the heat-activated adhesive, thereby activating the adhesive. When the adhesive has been heated, compressed air is blown from the mandrel to press the bag and adhesive against the inner side wall of the outer container to cause bonding between them.

Abstract: An inner receptacle having a single integral piece flexible bag including a thin walled portion and a rigid fitment portion. The fitment portion includes a flange which is larger in diameter than the flexible bag to provide a mechanism to attach the inner receptacle to a bottle. The fitment portion also provides a finger grasping portion. The inner receptacle may be utilized in, for example, a squeeze pump package, a trigger or finger pump package, or a mechanical pump package. The inner receptacle also includes a mechanism for enabling substantially all of the product therein to be dispensed. One such mechanism is provided by a perforated diptube. Another such mechanism is provided by the combination of a resiliently deformable upper half and a collapsible lower half to cause the flexible bag to invert upon itself.

Abstract: A squeezebottle dispenser having an inner flexible bag containing a viscous fluid in fluid communication with a dispensing nozzle. A vent hole is provided in the squeezebottle side wall which is blocked by the user to prevent air from exiting the squeezebottle during squeezing so that air compression within the squeezebottle forces the inner bag to discharge its contents through the dispensing nozzle. When the squeezebottle is released, the vent hole is unblocked in order to vent air into the squeezebottle so that the squeezebottle may return to its unsqueezed shape. The vented air entering an air space located between the squeezebottle and the inner bag replaces the volume of the contents discharged from the inner bag. The addition of a recessed channel, formed between the vent hole and a venting point, which is covered with a compliant film to form an air passage, enables the user to block the vent hole indirectly.

Abstract: An inner receptacle having a single integral piece flexible bag including a thin walled portion and a rigid fitment portion. The fitment portion includes a flange which is larger in diameter than the flexible bag to provide a mechanism to attach the inner receptacle to a bottle. The fitment portion also provides a finger grasping portion. The inner receptacle may be utilized in, for example, a squeeze pump package, a trigger or finger pump package, or a mechanical pump package. The inner receptacle also includes a mechanism for enabling substantially all of the product therein to be dispensed. One such mechanism is provided by a perforated diptube. Another such mechanism is provided by the combination of a resiliently deformable upper half and a collapsible lower half to cause the flexible bag to invert upon itself.

Abstract: An inner receptacle is provided which is adapted to be used with a resilient squeeze bottle. The inner receptacle includes a flexible bag and includes a mechanism for causing the flexible bag to invert upon itself about its midpoint without requiring attachment of the inner receptacle to the squeeze bottle. The inversion enables substantially all of the product within the receptacle to be dispensed. One preferred mechanism for causing inversion is a support frame which resembles a bird cage. This support frame may be located inside or outside the top half of the flexible bag. Such inner receptacles offer special advantages when utilized with reusable squeeze bottles. The reusable squeeze bottles may be oval and include an opening at the top which accommodates the dispensing opening of the inner receptacle and an opening at the bottom end through which the entire inner receptacle may pass. An end plate is utilized to seal the bottom end of the squeeze bottle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling a thin film beam spring vent valve is provided. The thin film beam spring vent valve is provided in a squeeze pump package. The package includes an outer resilient bottle and a flexible bag with a relatively rigid fitment. The outer resilient bottle is provided with a substantially cylindrical internal surface portion and an aperture to enable fluid communication between the interior and the exterior of the outer bottle. The valve includes a thin film beam spring located adjacent the aperture such that the beam spring will seal the aperture upon exposure to a positive dispensing pressure within the bottle. The beam spring will allow air to enter the bottle upon the application of negative pressure within the bottle. An automated mechanism is provided for cutting and grasping (e.g., utilizing a vacuum mandrel) a beam spring comprising a predetermined length of a band of flexible material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is for inserting a flat flexible bag having a rigid fitment into a bottle through a small bottle finish, and expanding the bag inside the bottle. The flat flexible bag can be grasped and oriented via the fitment utilizing a friction chuck. The fitment also enables the bag to be sealed to the bottle in an air-tight manner by interference fit. A biased plunger extends into the bag through the fitment. The plunger helps push the bag through a funnel while a vacuum is applied to the bag through the plunger. The funnel includes two angled plows which cause the bag to fold in a "C" shaped configuration. This insures reliable expansion of the bag upon releasing a blast of air into the bag. During the expansion process an air vent channel permits escape of the air between the bag and the bottle. An exemplary package formed utilizing this method and apparatus is a squeeze pump package having a thin film beam spring vent valve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling a thin film beam spring vent valve is provided. The thin film beam spring vent valve is provided in a squeeze pump package. The package includes an outer resilient bottle and a flexible bag with a relatively rigid fitment. The outer resilient bottle is provided with a substantially cylindrical internal surface portion and an aperture to enable fluid communication between the interior and the exterior of the outer bottle. The valve includes a thin film beam spring located adjacent the aperture such that the beam spring will seal the aperture upon exposure to a positive dispensing pressure within the bottle. The beam spring will allow air to enter the bottle upon the application of negative pressure within the bottle. An automated mechanism is provided for cutting and grasping (e.g., utilizing a vacuum mandrel) a beam spring comprising a predetermined length of a band of flexible material.

Abstract: A thin film beam spring valve is provided for use in a squeeze pump package. The squeeze pump package includes a resilient outer bottle and an inner flexible bag with a rigid fitment. An apertured diptube is utilized to enable substantially all of the product within the bag to be dispensed. The outer bottle of the package has a substantially cylindrical finish which includes an aperture therethrough and an internally extending ledge at its lower end. The thin film beam spring is located above the ledge in a cavity created between the bottle finish and the rigid fitment of the inner bag. The central portion of the beam spring is located adjacent to the aperture of the finish such that the beam spring will seal the aperture upon exposure to a positive dispensing pressure within the bottle. The beam spring will allow air to enter the bottle upon the application of negative pressure within the bottle.

Abstract: A bag in squeeze bottle fluid dispenser capable of dispensing substantially all of the fluid product contained therein. A suitable bag support element is inserted inside the flexible bag to prevent substantial axial movement of the bag in the direction of its discharge orifice and to encourage radial collapse of the bag instead. The internal bag support means, which in a preferred embodiment comprises an extruded plastic helix, has an internal fluid passage formed within the coils of the helix and fluid communication to allow fluid contained within the bag to access the internal fluid passage along substantially the entire length of the internal bag support element. Thus, radial collapse of the flexible bag does not block the passage of fluid remaining in the bag through the discharge orifice in the bag until substantially all of the fluid contained within the bag has been dispensed.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for extracting whole juice sacs from citrus fruits by fluid impinging chunks of peeled fruit meat. In one embodiment, a fruit chunk is fed into a fluid impingement chamber that includes a plurality of off-center orifices. High-pressure fluid emitted from the orifices strikes the fruit chunk and spins it such that the fruit chunk's juice sacs are stripped from the chunk's sectional membranes. In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of fluid impingement chambers are incorporated into a high-speed, continuous motion turret. In yet another preferred embodiment, fruit chunks are fed into an inclined tube that includes fluid orifices which emit high pressure fluid. Controlling the fluid pressure, nozzle orifice size, number of orifices, direction of fluid jets, impingement time, and size and shape of the fruit chunks determine how substantially the radial membranes of fruit chunks are stripped of juice sacs without shredding the membranes.

Abstract: A method for producing an integral bottle/collar combination for use in a package for storing and dispensing potentially dangerous material such as medicament tablets. The package is resistant to opening by children yet readily openable by adults. The process includes a step of injection molding a polymeric part having a finish portion, a preform portion, and a flange portion. The flange portion has at least one integrally formed socket having a resiliently deformable pushtab connected by a hinge. The preform portion of the injection molded part is blow molded into the shape of the bottle. The hingedly connected pushtab is then folded into its in-use position.

Abstract: A squeeze bottle foam dispenser with improved foam consistency throughout the range of manual squeeze conditions. The foamer includes a pressure operated valve for simultaneously restricting flow of the compressible and incompressible fluids until a predetermined threshold pressure is developed within the bottle by manual deformation thereof. Thus, foam is not dispensed from the container until a pressure is developed within the bottle sufficient to produce a desirable foam. The disclosed foamer is for storage and operation in the inverted orientation. This avoids the necessity of an extended spout and its concomitant problems.

Abstract: Apparatus for lower leg exercise wherein dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements of the foot, about a machine axis substantially aligned with the axis of the ankle, are resisted by a frictional torque that varies in a predetermined manner with the angular position of the foot. Reducing the extent of friction contact surface overlap and/or reducing the radius to the perimeter of friction contact surface overlap causes torsional resistance to decrease. As the foot rotates about the ankle to either side of its neutral position, the natural leverage of the leg muscles opposing torsional resistance decreases. Corresponding reduction of resistance with reduction of muscle leverage permits the range of motion of lower leg exercise to be increased. In the preferred embodiment the apparatus has a handle and base which permit operation from a supine position on a bed, training table, or floor, with leg extended horizontally.

Abstract: Method of an apparatus for extracting whole juice sacs from citrus fruits by fluid impinging chunks of peeled fruit meat. In one embodiment, a fruit chunk is fed into a fluid impingement chamber that includes a plurality of off-center orifices. High-pressure fluid emitted from the orifices strikes the fruit chunk and spins it such that the fruit chunk's juice sacs are stripped from the chunk's sectional membranes. In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of fluid impingement chambers are incorporated into a high-speed, continuous motion turret. In yet another preferred embodiment, fruit chunks are fed into an inclined tube that includes fluid orifices which emit high pressure fluid. Controlling the fluid pressure, nozzle orifice size, number of orifices, direction of fluid jets, impingement time, and size and shape of the fruit chunks determine how substantially the radial membranes of fruit chunks are stripped of juice sacs without shredding the membranes.

Abstract: A package for storing and dispensing potentially dangerous materials, such as medicament tablets or the like, said package being resistant to opening by children but readily openable by adults, particularly adults having impaired manual dexterity of their hands and/or fingers. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the package comprises a bottle, a collar which is secured in place over the uppermost portion of the bottle and a closure which is secured to the finish portion of the bottle by means of complementary screw threads. The collar preferably includes a pair of spring-like pushtabs containing vertical extensions which engage interlocking teeth on the innermost surface of the closure skirt when the closure is fully assembled onto the bottle. To remove the closure, the opposed pushtabs must be manually depressed prior to applying unscrewing torque to the closure to disengage the pushtab extensions from the interlocking teeth on the closure.