Abstract: Materials for use in proton transport characterized by several formulas are disclosed. Mixed ion and electron conductors may include metals and/or ceramic electron conductors and a proton conducting material. Hydrogen separation membranes may include porous layers and an electrolyte layer including a proton conducting material and an electron conductor. Hydrogen separation membranes may be formed by thermal spray techniques. Hydrogen separation membranes may include a catalyst layer. A method of separating hydrogen from a mixed gas stream includes passing the mixed gas through a first porous layer to an electrolyte layer, dissociating protons and electrons, diffusing the protons and electrons through the electrolyte layer, recombining them, and passing molecular hydrogen through a second porous layer.

Abstract: Materials for use in proton transport characterized by several formulas are disclosed. Mixed ion and electron conductors may include metals and/or ceramic electron conductors and a proton conducting material. Hydrogen separation membranes may include porous layers and an electolyte layer including a proton conducting material and an electron conductor. Hydrogen separation membranes may be formed by thermal spray techniques. Hydrogen separation membranes may include a catalyst layer. A method of separating hydrogen from a mixed gas stream includes passing the mixed gas through a first porous layer to an electrolyte layer, dissociating protons and electrons, diffusing the protons and electrons through the electrolyte layer, recombining them, and passing molecular hydrogen through a second porous layer.

Abstract: A position or movement sensor responsive to movement of a mine cage (26) in a mineshaft comprises a leaky coaxial cable (12) extending along the path of the cage, and an oscillator (40) and associated circuitry (42, 44, 14) for forming an electromagnetic standing wave in the cable. The cage carries a resonator (28) which moves adjacent the cable, causing a cyclical change in the cable characteristics as seen from a detector probe (30) at the top end of the cable. Detection and counting circuitry (32) detects and indicates movement of the cage by reference to the standing wave pattern.