Abstract: A technique for exchanging LCAS control information between a first network element and a second network element interconnected by a bi-directional optical communication line, while conveying substantially unidirectional data traffic in the form of a virtual concatenated group (VCG) binary stream transmitted in a first direction via the bi-directional optical communication line, the technique comprising: —in the first direction, transmitting the LCAS control information via the bi-directional optical communication line in the VCG binary stream, by placing the information in one or more overhead bytes conventionally specified for the VCG binary stream, —in a second (opposite) direction, transmitting the LCAS control information in an existing binary stream non-related to the above-mentioned unidirectional data traffic; the existing binary stream should pass via a communication trail connecting the first network element and the second network element but not obligatory coinciding with the above-mentioned line;

Abstract: A technique for exchanging LCAS control information between a first network element and a second network element interconnected by a bi-directional optical communication line, while conveying substantially unidirectional data traffic in the form of a virtual concatenated group (VCG) binary stream transmitted in a first direction via the bi-directional optical communication line, the technique comprising: —in the first direction, transmitting the LCAS control information via the bi-directional optical communication line in the VCG binary stream, by placing the information in one or more overhead bytes conventionally specified for the VCG binary stream, —in a second (opposite) direction, transmitting the LCAS control information in an existing binary stream non-related to the above-mentioned unidirectional data traffic; the existing binary stream should pass via a communication trail connecting the first network element and the second network element but not obligatory coinciding with the above-mentioned line;

Abstract: A method and a generator are described for high speed generation of an S-bit long pattern of a PRBS sequence to be periodically burst on to a bus of width S. The technique provides the calculation time being independent from the width S of the bus, and comprises calculation of all S bits of the PRBS pattern separately and in parallel by using previous PRBS patterns stored in a memory. For each bit to be generated, the generator performs a constant number N of logical operations require(by a polynomial defining the PRBS sequence.

Abstract: A method and a generator are described for high speed generation of an S-bit long pattern of a PRBS sequence to be periodically burst on to a bus of width S. The technique provides the calculation time being independent from the width S of the bus, and comprises calculation of all S bits of the PRBS pattern separately and in parallel by using previous PRBS patterns stored in a memory. For each bit to be generated, the generator performs a constant number N of logical operations required (by a polynomial defining the PRBS sequence.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining occurrence of a failure in an optical transport network (OTN), is provided. The apparatus is adapted to be associated with a synchronous communication equipment.