Abstract: A method to make heteroatom doped polymer nanosphere/carbon nanospheres uses aromatic amine and aldehyde as raw materials, and in the presence of a compound represented by formula I, reacts the aldehyde with the compound represented by formula Ito form a Schiff base, and then reacts the aromatic amine with the resulting Schiff base, wherein the reaction is conducted in an aqueous solution system at a mild reaction temperature (10° C. to 50° C.) under stirring. The resulting polymer nanospheres are subject to centrifugation and drying, followed by roasting in an inert atmosphere to obtain carbon nanospheres. The nanospheres product prepared using the method has controllable dimensions and morphology, an even particle size, and homogeneously doped heteroatoms.