Abstract: A method comprising measuring skin conductivity level of a human subject responsive to a series of preliminary questions; measuring skin conductivity level of the human subject in response to a series of control questions; and in case that a sympathetic activation is detected, finding the authenticity of the response to the control question by comparing the recovery time of skin conductivity level for the control question with the basic recovery time. Further, a method comprising measuring heartbeat of a human subject responsive to a series of preliminary questions to which the answer is known, to derive a level of coherence of the heartbeat being a baseline heartbeat coherence level; presenting the human subject with a series of control questions, and finding the authenticity of a response to a relevant question by comparing the heartbeat coherence detected with the baseline heartbeat coherence and the unbalanced heartbeat coherence.

Abstract: A method comprising measuring skin conductivity level of a human subject responsive to a series of preliminary questions; measuring skin conductivity level of the human subject in response to a series of control questions; and in case that a sympathetic activation is detected, finding the authenticity of the response to the control question by comparing the recovery time of skin conductivity level for the control question with the basic recovery time. Further, a method comprising measuring heartbeat of a human subject responsive to a series of preliminary questions to which the answer is known, to derive a level of coherence of the heartbeat being a baseline heartbeat coherence level; presenting the human subject with a series of control questions, and finding the authenticity of a response to a relevant question by comparing the heartbeat coherence detected with the baseline heartbeat coherence and the unbalanced heartbeat coherence.

Abstract: A computerized veracity testing system including a subject observation subsystem operative to provide an output representing at least one characteristic of a subject, the subject observation subsystem including a hand engagement unit including at least one physiological parameter sensor and having a selectable immobilizer for selectably immobilizing at least a portion of a hand of the subject and an automatically operable computerized analysis subsystem responsive to the output of the subject observation subsystem for providing an indication relevant to veracity of the subject.

Abstract: A computerized veracity testing system including a subject observation subsystem operative to provide an output representing at least one characteristic of a subject, the subject observation subsystem including a hand engagement unit including at least one physiological parameter sensor and having a selectable immobilizer for selectably immobilizing at least a portion of a hand of the subject and an automatically operable computerized analysis subsystem responsive to the output of the subject observation subsystem for providing an indication relevant to veracity of the subject.

Abstract: A method for preventing unauthorized use of credit cards in remote payments and a supplemental-code card for therein is disclosed. A unique code list is provided by the credit company to the credit card owner for use with the credit card. The codes are distributed in a variety of possible ways, including through A.T.M. machines, stores, e-mail or faxes. A copy of each code list is associated at the credit card company with the owner of the credit card. Each code is only for a single use. For every remote payment, the credit card owner transmits one of the codes to the creditor, along with conventional credit card data. The credit card company verifies the transmitted information and accepts or rejects the transaction. The codes may be provided on a supplemental-code card with some mechanism to ensure that each code is used only once.