Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester. In one embodiment, the process comprises a) contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, excess alcohol, and optionally, a catalyst in a reactor at a temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 325° C. and a pressure in the range of between 1 bar to 140 bar to form a liquid phase composition comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; b) lowering the temperature of the liquid phase composition to form a crude crystallized ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid; c) separating the product of step b) to form a solids phase comprising a purified ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and a mother liquor comprising alcohol and water; and d) removing at least a portion of the water from the mother liquor. In one embodiment, the 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid is contacted with an alcohol source and optionally, a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for efficiently esterifying furan dicarboxylic acid, especially 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid in the presence of an alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst is disclosed. The process provides high yields of the diesters of furan dicarboxylic acid and comprises a multi-stage esterification process wherein a portion of a gas phase is removed at each stage of the multi-stage process.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester. In one embodiment, the process comprises a) contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, excess alcohol, and optionally, a catalyst in a reactor at a temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 325° C. and a pressure in the range of between 1 bar to 140 bar to form a liquid phase composition comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; b) lowering the temperature of the liquid phase composition to form a crude crystallized ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid; c) separating the product of step b) to form a solids phase comprising a purified ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and a mother liquor comprising alcohol and water; and d) removing at least a portion of the water from the mother liquor. In one embodiment, the 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid is contacted with an alcohol source and optionally, a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for efficiently esterifying furan dicarboxylic acid, especially 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid in the presence of an alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst is disclosed. The process provides high yields of the diesters of furan dicarboxylic acid and comprises a multi-stage esterification process wherein a portion of a gas phase is removed at each stage of the multi-stage process.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for efficiently esterifying furan dicarboxylic acid, especially 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid in the presence of an alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst is disclosed. The process provides high yields of the diesters of furan dicarboxylic acid and comprises a multi-stage esterification process wherein a portion of a gas phase is removed at each stage of the multi-stage process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester. In one embodiment, the process comprises a) contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, excess alcohol, and optionally, a catalyst in a reactor at a temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 325° C. and a pressure in the range of between 1 bar to 140 bar to form a liquid phase composition comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; b) lowering the temperature of the liquid phase composition to form a crude crystallized ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid; c) separating the product of step b) to form a solids phase comprising a purified ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and a mother liquor comprising alcohol and water and d) removing at least a portion of the water from the mother liquor. In one embodiment, the 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid is contacted with an alcohol source and optionally, a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester. In one embodiment, the process comprises a) contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, excess alcohol, and optionally, a catalyst in a reactor at a temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 325° C. and a pressure in the range of between 1 bar to 140 bar to form a liquid phase composition comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; b) lowering the temperature of the liquid phase composition to form a crude crystallized ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid; c) separating the product of step b) to form a solids phase comprising a purified ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and a mother liquor comprising alcohol and water; and d) removing at least a portion of the water from the mother liquor. In one embodiment, the 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid is contacted with an alcohol source and optionally, a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a dialkyl ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid are disclosed. The processes comprise contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid with excess alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst at a pressure in the range of between 1 bar and 21 bar and a temperature in the range of from 65° C. to 325° C. to form a vapor reaction product comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; and distilling the vapor reaction product at a pressure in the range of from 0 bar to 3.5 bar at a temperature in the range of from 38° C. to 204° C. to separate the water and alcohol from the ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing furan dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof from a feedstock comprising hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and humins is disclosed. Humins are a byproduct from reactions forming HMF from sugars and are typically removed from the HMF prior to any further processing. A humins-containing HMF feedstock is utilized to produce furan dicarboxylic acids and ester substantially free from humins.

Abstract: A process for efficiently esterifying furan dicarboxylic acid, especially 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid in the presence of an alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst is disclosed. The process provides high yields of the diesters of furan dicarboxylic acid and comprises a multi-stage esterification process wherein a portion of a gas phase is removed at each stage of the multi-stage process.

Abstract: Catalytic processes to produce a reaction product comprising 1-butanol by contacting a reactant comprising ethanol with a catalyst composition under suitable reaction conditions are provided. The catalyst composition may comprise a hydroxyapatite of the Formula (MwM?xM?yM??z)5(PO4)3(OH), wherein M is Mg; M? is Ca; M? is Sr; M?? is Ba; w is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; x is any number from 0 to less than 0.5; y is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; z is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; and w+x+y+z=1. Base-treated catalyst compositions may be used. Also provided are processes for contacting an initial catalyst composition comprising the hydroxyapatite with a base to produce a base-treated catalyst composition, and the base-treated catalyst compositions so obtained.