Abstract: In or near real-time monitoring of fluids can take place using an opticoanalytical device that is configured for monitoring the fluid. The opticoanalytical devices can be used for monitoring various processes in which fluids are used. The methods can comprise providing a fluid in a fluid stream and monitoring a characteristic of the fluid using a first opticoarialytical device that is in optical communication with the fluid in the fluid stream.

Abstract: In or near real-time monitoring of fluids can take place using an opticoanalytical device that is configured for monitoring the fluid. Fluids can be monitored prior to or during their introduction into a subterranean formation using the opticoanalytical devices. Produced fluids from a subterranean formation can be monitored in a like manner. The methods can comprise providing a fracturing fluid comprising a base fluid and at least one fracturing fluid component; introducing the fracturing fluid into a subterranean formation at a pressure sufficient to create or enhance at least one fracture therein, thereby performing a fracturing operation in the subterranean formation; and monitoring a characteristic of the fracturing fluid or a formation fluid using at least a first opticoanalytical device within the subterranean formation, during a flow back of the fracturing fluid produced from the subterranean formation, or both.

Abstract: In or near real-time monitoring of fluids can take place using an opticoanalytical device that is configured for monitoring the fluid. Fluids can be monitored prior to or during their introduction into a subterranean formation using the opticoanalytical devices. Produced fluids from a subterranean formation can be monitored in a like manner. The methods can comprise providing at least one source material; combining the at least one source material with a base fluid to form a treatment fluid; and monitoring a characteristic of the treatment fluid using a first opticoanalytical device that is in optical communication with a flow pathway for transporting the treatment fluid.

Abstract: In or near real-time monitoring of fluids can take place using an opticoanalytical device that is configured for monitoring the fluid. Fluids can be monitored prior to or during their introduction into a subterranean formation using the opticoanalytical devices. Produced fluids from a subterranean formation can be monitored in a like manner. The methods can comprise providing a treatment fluid comprising a base fluid and at least one additional component; introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation; allowing the treatment fluid to perform a treatment operation in the subterranean formation; and monitoring a characteristic of the treatment fluid or a formation fluid using at least a first opticoanalytical device within the subterranean formation, during a flow back of the treatment fluid produced from the subterranean formation, or both.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate. The process comprises reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary amine, with phosgene in the presence of an inert solvent wherein the initial reaction temperature is between 100 and 130° C. and the temperature is subsequently ramped to 150 to 180° C. during the course of the reaction, the solvent to amine weight ratio is 95:5 to 80:20, the total reaction pressure is maintained between 50 and 350 psig and the amine is rapidly dispersed in the phosgene through injection in a region of high efficiency mixing.

Abstract: A method of treating a fluid, comprising treating a fluid by adding ozone to the fluid and exposing the fluid to ultraviolet radiation, and producing a wellbore servicing fluid using the treated fluid. A mobile apparatus for treating a wellbore servicing fluid, comprising a fluid flow path comprising an upstream end and a downstream end, the fluid flow path being configured to allow passage of the fluid therethrough, an ozone inlet configured to allow introduction of ozone into the fluid flow path, a source of ultraviolet radiation associated with the fluid flow path so that ultraviolet radiation generated by the source of ultraviolet radiation is introduced into the fluid flow path, and wherein the fluid flow path is configured to treat a fluid at a rate of at least about 25 to about 100 barrels per minute.

Abstract: Methods for designing and performing a treatment operation on a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore are provided, in which the treatment operation includes the use of a treatment fluid comprising reactants for a chemical reaction. The methods generally include the step of obtaining wellbore temperature-profile information on the wellbore and obtaining kinetic or thermodynamic data for the chemical reaction, and combining the information to help design the treatment operation. Preferably, the methods include the use of a distributed temperature system (“DTS”) for gaining temperature-profile information for a wellbore.

Abstract: Methods for designing and performing a treatment operation on a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore are provided, in which the treatment operation includes the use of a treatment fluid comprising reactants for a chemical reaction. The methods generally include the step of obtaining wellbore temperature-profile information on the wellbore and obtaining kinetic or thermodynamic data for the chemical reaction, and combining the information to help design the treatment operation. Preferably, the methods include the use of a distributed temperature system (“DTS”) for gaining temperature-profile information for a wellbore.

Abstract: A method of preparing viscosity-stabilized toluene diisocyanate distillation residues comprising contacting toluene diisocyanate distillation residue with a material suitable for purging chloride-containing vapors under reaction conditions suitable to remove chloride-containing vapors from the toluene diisocyanate distillation residues. The material may be, for example, an aromatic solvent and/or a gas which associates, physically, chemically, or a combination thereof, with the vapors but not with significant amount of other components that may be present in the toluene diisocyanate distillation residue. The viscosity-stabilized and reactive residue can then be used alone or blended with one or more other isocyanate products, such as polymeric methylene diphenylisocyanate, to prepare materials such as polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, polyurethane-polyurea or polyurea compositions including, for example, foams.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reducing hydrolyzable chloride in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and, particularly, in TDI distillation bottoms, and polymers produced using the reduced hydrolyzable chloride bottoms. Crude TDI is heated, optionally in the presence of a solvent, to cause: (a) partial reflux, (b) partial reflux and fractionation, or (c) complete reflux and fractionation; under conditions sufficient to reduce hydrolyzable chloride. After distilling the crude TDI to form TDI monomer, the bottoms produced are thereby desirably reactive and viscosity-stable over a significant period of time. The treated bottoms can be reacted with compounds containing active hydrogen containing groups to form polyurethane, polyurea, and polyisocyanurate polymers, particularly foams.