Abstract: A modulator and method of fabrication thereof are provided. In various embodiments, the modulator is a Franz-Keldysh (FK) effect electro-absorption modulator. In an example embodiment, the modulator comprises a waveguide column formed from waveguide material deposited onto a substrate; a first contact layer doped with a P-type dopant and deposited on a first side of the waveguide column; a second contact layer doped with an N-type dopant and deposited on a second side of the waveguide column; and first and second contacts. The first contact is in electrical communication with the first contact layer and the second contact is in electrical communication with the second contact layer.

Abstract: A modulator and method of fabrication thereof are provided. In various embodiments, the modulator is a Franz-Keldysh (FK) effect electro-absorption modulator. In an example embodiment, the modulator comprises a waveguide column formed from waveguide material deposited onto a substrate; a first contact layer doped with a P-type dopant and deposited on a first side of the waveguide column; a second contact layer doped with an N-type dopant and deposited on a second side of the waveguide column; and first and second contacts. The first contact is in electrical communication with the first contact layer and the second contact is in electrical communication with the second contact layer.

Abstract: The light sensor and waveguide are positioned on a base such that a light signal guided by the waveguide is received at the light sensor. The waveguide includes a taper configured such that a ratio of a width of the waveguide at a first location in the taper:the width of the waveguide at a second location in the taper is greater than 1.2:1 where a length of the taper between the first location and the second location is less than 60 ?m.

Abstract: A system includes optical modules. Each module includes a different base and one or more module waveguides on the base. Module waveguides from different modules are aligned such that the aligned module waveguides exchange light signals. At least a portion of one of the aligned module waveguides is between the base of one of the modules and the base of another module. First electronics operate a transmitter on a first one of the optical modules so as to generate one of the light signals. Second electronics operate a receiver on a second one of the modules such that the electronics generate an electrical signal in response to the receiver receiving one of the light signals.

Abstract: An optical device has a waveguide immobilized on a base. A lens is defined by the base. A reflecting side reflects a light signal that travels on an optical pathway that extends through the lens and into the waveguide. The reflecting side is positioned to reflect the light signal as the light signal travels along a portion of the optical pathway between the lens and the waveguide. An optical insulator that confines the light signal within the waveguide. The portion of the optical pathway between the lens and the waveguide extends through the optical insulator such that the light signal is transmitted through the optical insulator.

Abstract: The ring resonator includes waveguides configured to guide light signals. The waveguides include an input waveguide and one or more loop waveguides. One of the loop waveguides is a primary loop waveguide that is optically coupled with the input waveguide at a wavelength of light. A tuner is configured to tune the wavelength at which the light is optically coupled from the input waveguide into the primary loop waveguide. One or more light detectors are each configured to provide an output indicating an intensity of light guided in one of the one or more loop waveguides. Electronics are configured to tune the tuner in response to the output from the light detector.

Abstract: The light sensor is included on an optical device having a waveguide on a base. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through a crystalline light-transmitting medium. The light sensor is also positioned on the base and is configured to receive the light signal from the waveguide. The light sensor includes a planar interface between two different materials. The interface is at a 45° angle relative to a <110> direction of the light-transmitting medium.

Abstract: A system includes optical modules. Each module includes a different base and one or more module waveguides on the base. Module waveguides from different modules are aligned such that the aligned module waveguides exchange light signals. At least a portion of one of the aligned module waveguides is between the base of one of the modules and the base of another module. First electronics operate a transmitter on a first one of the optical modules so as to generate one of the light signals. Second electronics operate a receiver on a second one of the modules such that the electronics generate an electrical signal in response to the receiver receiving one of the light signals.

Abstract: The device includes a waveguide on a base. A light-absorbing portion of the waveguide receives a light signal, absorbs a portion of the light signal and guides a transmitted portion of the light signal to the output portion of the waveguide. A light-absorbing portion of the waveguide is partially defined by a light-absorbing medium that has lateral sides that each extends between a top side and a bottom side of the light-absorbing medium. The device also includes a monitor absorption of the absorbed portion of the light signal. The monitor includes field sources that are each configured to serve as a source of an electrical field in the light-absorbing medium. The field sources each contacts one of the lateral sides of the light-absorbing medium.

Abstract: The ring resonator includes waveguides configured to guide light signals. The waveguides include an input waveguide and one or more loop waveguides. One of the loop waveguides is a primary loop waveguide that is optically coupled with the input waveguide at a wavelength of light. A tuner is configured to tune the wavelength at which the light is optically coupled from the input waveguide into the primary loop waveguide. One or more light detectors are each configured to provide an output indicating an intensity of light guided in one of the one or more loop waveguides. Electronics are configured to tune the tuner in response to the output from the light detector.