Abstract: A substance and method for treating a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing is provided. The method includes treating a formation with a non-metallic deformable proppant that may be substantially deformable, “elastically flexible”, or “plastically compressible.” The method may include the steps of injecting a carrier fluid into the formation at a pressure and a flow rate sufficient to create or open an existing fracture or fracture network in the formation, and placing at least a portion of the deformable proppant in the fracture by way of the carrier fluid so that the deformable proppant forms substantially a partial monolayer in the fracture, and reducing the pressure and/or the flow rate sufficiently to allow the fracture in the formation to at least partially close, wherein at least a portion of the deformable proppant remains in the fracture to prop open at least a portion of the fracture.

Abstract: A substance and method for treating a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing. A non-metallic, substantially deformable, proppant particle is “elastically flexible” or “plastically compressible” and adapted for use at concentrations which will substantially create a partial monolayer.

Abstract: A substance and method for treating a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing. A non-metallic, substantially deformable, proppant particle is “elastically flexible” or “plastically compressible” and adapted for use at concentrations which will substantially create a partial monolayer.

Abstract: A substance and method for treating a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing. A non-metallic, substantially deformable, proppant particle is “elastically flexible” or “plastically compressible” and adapted for use at concentrations which will substantially create a partial monolayer.

Abstract: A substance and method for treating a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing. A non-metallic, substantially deformable, proppant particle is “elastically flexible” or “plastically compressible” and adapted for use at concentrations which will substantially create a partial monolayer.

Abstract: Devices and methods for exploiting intramural (e.g., subintimal) space of a vascular wall to facilitate the treatment of vascular disease, particularly total occlusions. For example, the devices and methods disclosed herein may be used to visually define the vessel wall boundary, protect the vessel wall boundary from perforation, bypass an occlusion, and/or remove an occlusion.