Abstract: A reactor defines first and second flow channels within the reactor, the first flow channels and the second flow channels extending in parallel directions along at least the major part of their lengths. A removable non-structural catalyst insert is provided in those channels in which a reaction is to occur, the catalyst insert comprising a plurality of foils bonded together and which subdivide the flow channel into a multiplicity of flow sub-channels. At least one end portion of the catalyst insert is devoid of active catalytic material. The end portion that is devoid of active catalytic material suppresses the reaction in that part of the flow channel, and so reduces the requirement for any thermal transfer at that part of the flow channel.

Abstract: A catalytic reaction module for performing am endothermic reaction, such as steam reforming, including separator blocks. Each reactor defining a multiplicity of first and second flow channels arranged alternately within the block to ensure thermal contact between the first and second flow channels. The reactor blocks may be arranged and connected for series flow of a combustible gas mixture in the first flow channels. The reactor blocks may be arranged and connected for a gas mixture to undergo endothermic reaction in the second flow channels. Catalyst elements are provided within the flow channels and the catalyst may vary between the blocks or within a block. The catalyst may vary in chemical composition, in catalyst loading, or in active catalyst material.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus is provided for inserting at least one catalytic insert into each of a multiplicity of reactor channels. The apparatus includes a magazine configured to locate a multiplicity of catalytic inserts, a guide element for guiding the movement of a catalytic insert as it is inserted into the reaction channel, and a pushing member to push a catalytic insert out of the magazine, through the guide element, and into a reactor channel. An automated method for inserting catalytic inserts into reactor channels is also provided. The method includes the steps of: aligning the insert with a reaction channel, and pushing the insert through a guide element into the channel.

Abstract: A reactor chamber forms part of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. Within the chamber are electrodes between which there is disposed a bed of active material through which, in use, the exhaust gases pass. In the presence of an electrical discharge, driven by an electrical voltage applied across the electrodes, the active material has a catalytic action in the reduction of nitrogenous oxides in the exhaust and also acts to remove hydrocarbons from the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A reactor chamber forms part of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. Within the chamber are electrodes between which there is disposed a bed of active material through which, in use, the exhaust gases pass. In the presence of an electrical discharge, driven by an electrical voltage applied across the electrodes, the active material has a catalytic action in the reduction of nitrogenous oxides in the exhaust and also acts to remove hydrocarbons from the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A reactor (1) comprises a pair of electrodes (4, 13) spaced apart to provide a path therebetween for gas flow. A permeable mass of silicon carbide 816) is provided in the space between the electrodes (4, 13) for trapping carbonaceous material in the gas flowing through the space. The silicon carbide (16) is arranged to have an electrical resistivity which is sufficiently high to permit formation, when an appropriate electrical potential is applied across the electrodes (4, 13), of a plasma in the gas within the interstices of the silicon carbide through which the gas permeates.