Abstract: A method for processing seismic data, the method including receiving seismic data acquired by at least one receiver over a water-covered subsurface formation; generating, based on the seismic data, a down-going wavefield; generating, based on the seismic data, a partial down-going wavefield with attenuated water-wave; estimating a subsurface reflectivity R using multi-dimensional deconvolution, which equates (1) a convolution of the down-going wavefield with the subsurface reflectivity R to (2) the partial down-going wavefield; and generating an image of the water-covered subsurface formation based on the subsurface reflectivity R.

Abstract: Methods and seismic data processing apparatuses use a down-going annihilation operator to generate an image from seismic data acquired over a water-covered subsurface formation. The down-going annihilation operator is derived using a down-going wavefield and an estimated water-wave extracted from the seismic data. The down-going annihilation operator may be derived in plane-wave domain.

Abstract: Effects of time variability of water velocities in seismic surveys are addressed. Traveltime discontinuities in the input seismic data which are associated with the time-variable water velocities are determined. The input seismic data is transformed from a data space that contains the traveltime discontinuities into a model space which does not contain the traveltime discontinuities. Then the transformed seismic data is reverse transformed from the model space back into the data space.

Abstract: Methods (700) and devices (600) for seismic data processing estimate (720) signal-to-noise ratios of data in a spatio-temporal block of data, determine (730) data-domain weights associated to the data based on the estimated signal-to-noise ratios, and then generate (740) a model of the signal and/or a model of the noise using the data-domain weights.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for suppressing 4D noise. The method includes calculating a first similarity map based on the similarity of one of one or more first 3D images and a second 3D image. The first and second 3D images are derived from first and second surveys, respectively. The method also includes calculating a second similarity map based on the similarity of one of the one or more first 3D images and a third 3D image, which is derived from the second survey. The method also includes calculating a third similarity map based on the similarity of first and second 4D images, which are based on differences between the 3D images. The method also includes generating a composite 4D image based at least on the first, second, and third similarity maps. The present disclosure may also include associated systems and apparatus.

Abstract: A method for increasing similarity between a first seismic dataset and a second seismic dataset from at least one seismic survey of a subsurface. The first and second seismic datasets are migrated to a dip angle image domain. The migrated first and second seismic datasets are used in the dip angle image domain to calculate a set of decimating weights to be applied to the first seismic dataset and the second seismic dataset to maximize a similarity between the first seismic dataset and the second seismic dataset. The decimated weights are applied to the first and second seismic datasets, and an image of the subsurface is generated using the first seismic dataset and the second seismic dataset following application of the decimated weights.

Abstract: Effects of time variability of water velocities in seismic surveys are addressed. Traveltime discontinuities in the input seismic data which are associated with the time-variable water velocities are determined. The input seismic data is transformed from a data space that contains the traveltime discontinuities into a model space which does not contain the traveltime discontinuities. Then the transformed seismic data is reverse transformed from the model space back into the data space.

Abstract: A method for maximizing a repeatability between a base seismic survey and a monitor seismic survey of a same surveyed subsurface during a 4-dimensional (4D) project. The method includes receiving first seismic data associated with the base seismic survey; receiving second seismic data associated with the monitor seismic survey, wherein the monitor seismic survey is performed later in time than the base seismic survey; estimating subsurface reflection-points and incidence angles; determining 4D-binning based on the estimated subsurface reflection-points and incidence angles; and maximizing the repeatability between the first seismic data and the second seismic data by using the 4D-binning.

Abstract: A device, medium and method for deblending seismic data associated with a subsurface of the earth. The method includes receiving an input dataset generated by first and second sources S1 and S2 that are operating as simultaneous sources; arranging the input dataset based on the firing times of source S1; applying with a computing system an annihilation filter to the arranged input dataset to estimate cross-talk noise; convolving the cross-talk noise estimate with an operator to form a signal estimate using the firing times of S1 and S2; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the signal estimate.

Abstract: A device, medium and method for deblending seismic data associated with a subsurface of the earth. The method includes receiving an input dataset generated by first and second sources S1 and S2 that are operating as simultaneous sources; arranging the input dataset based on the firing times of source S1; applying with a computing system an annihilation filter to the arranged input dataset to estimate cross-talk noise; convolving the cross-talk noise estimate with an operator to form a signal estimate using the firing times of S1 and S2; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the signal estimate.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for suppressing 4D noise. The method includes calculating a first similarity map based on the similarity of one of one or more first 3D images and a second 3D image. The first and second 3D images are derived from first and second surveys, respectively. The method also includes calculating a second similarity map based on the similarity of one of the one or more first 3D images and a third 3D image, which is derived from the second survey. The method also includes calculating a third similarity map based on the similarity of first and second 4D images, which are based on differences between the 3D images. The method also includes generating a composite 4D image based at least on the first, second, and third similarity maps. The present disclosure may also include associated systems and apparatus.

Abstract: A device, medium and method for deblending seismic data associated with a subsurface of the earth. The method includes receiving an input dataset generated by first and second sources S1 and S2 that are operating as simultaneous sources; arranging the input dataset based on the firing times of source S1; applying with a computing system an annihilation filter to the arranged input dataset to estimate cross-talk noise; convolving the cross-talk noise estimate with an operator to form a signal estimate using the firing times of S1 and S2; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the signal estimate.

Abstract: A method for increasing similarity between a first seismic dataset and a second seismic dataset from at least one seismic survey of a subsurface. The first and second seismic datasets are migrated to a dip angle image domain. The migrated first and second seismic datasets are used in the dip angle image domain to calculate a set of decimating weights to be applied to the first seismic dataset and the second seismic dataset to maximize a similarity between the first seismic dataset and the second seismic dataset. The decimated weights are applied to the first and second seismic datasets, and an image of the subsurface is generated using the first seismic dataset and the second seismic dataset following application of the decimated weights.

Abstract: A device, medium and method for deblending seismic data associated with a subsurface of the earth. The method includes receiving an input dataset generated by first and second sources S1 and S2 that are operating as simultaneous sources; arranging the input dataset based on the firing times of source S1; applying with a computing system an annihilation filter to the arranged input dataset to estimate cross-talk noise; convolving the cross-talk noise estimate with an operator to form a signal estimate using the firing times of S1 and S2; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the signal estimate.

Abstract: A method for increasing similarity between a base seismic survey and a monitor seismic survey of a same surveyed subsurface during a 4-dimensional (4D) project. The method includes receiving first seismic data associated with the base seismic survey; receiving second seismic data associated with the monitor seismic survey, wherein the monitor seismic survey is performed later in time than the base seismic survey; migrating the first and second seismic data to an image-domain; and calculating, with a processor, a set of decimating weights based on the migrated first and second seismic data in the image-domain, to maximize a similarity between the first seismic data and the second seismic data.

Abstract: Methods (700) and devices (600) for seismic data processing estimate (720) signal-to-noise ratios of data in a spatio-temporal block of data, determine (730) data-domain weights associated to the data based on the estimated signal-to-noise ratios, and then generate (740) a model of the signal and/or a model of the noise using the data-domain weights.

Abstract: A method for increasing similarity between a base seismic survey and a monitor seismic survey of a same surveyed subsurface during a 4-dimensional (4D) project. The method includes receiving first seismic data associated with the base seismic survey; receiving second seismic data associated with the monitor seismic survey, wherein the monitor seismic survey is performed later in time than the base seismic survey; migrating the first and second seismic data to an image-domain; and calculating, with a processor, a set of decimating weights based on the migrated first and second seismic data in the image-domain, to maximize a similarity between the first seismic data and the second seismic data.

Abstract: A method for maximizing a repeatability between a base seismic survey and a monitor seismic survey of a same surveyed subsurface during a 4-dimensional (4D) project. The method includes receiving first seismic data associated with the base seismic survey; receiving second seismic data associated with the monitor seismic survey, wherein the monitor seismic survey is performed later in time than the base seismic survey; estimating subsurface reflection-points and incidence angles; determining 4D-binning based on the estimated subsurface reflection-points and incidence angles; and maximizing the repeatability between the first seismic data and the second seismic data by using the 4D-binning.