Abstract: A formation cluster for connection to a lithium containing secondary battery in a cell formation system includes a connector, a charging module connected to the connector and configured to charge the lithium containing secondary battery, a pre-lithiation module connected to the connector and configured to diffuse lithium to electrode active material layers of the lithium containing secondary battery, a discharging module connected to the connector and configured to discharge the lithium containing secondary battery, and at least one microcontroller programmed to: charge the lithium containing secondary battery using the charging module, diffuse lithium to the electrode active material layers of the lithium containing secondary battery using the pre-lithiation module after the lithium containing secondary battery has been charged, and discharge the lithium containing secondary battery using the discharging module after lithium has been diffused to the electrode active material layers of the lithium containing

Abstract: A cell formation system for lithium containing secondary batteries includes a population of formation clusters, each formation cluster includes a connector configured for connecting to a lithium containing secondary battery, a charging module connected to the connector and configured to charge the battery, a pre-lithiation module connected to the connector and configured to diffuse lithium to electrode active material layers of the battery, a discharging module connected to the connector and configured to discharge the battery, and a communication interface for communicatively coupling the formation cluster to a central controller.

Abstract: A cell formation system for lithium containing secondary batteries includes a population of formation clusters, each formation cluster includes a connector configured for connecting to a lithium containing secondary battery, a charging module connected to the connector and configured to charge the battery, a pre-lithiation module connected to the connector and configured to diffuse lithium to electrode active material layers of the battery, a discharging module connected to the connector and configured to discharge the battery, and a communication interface for communicatively coupling the formation cluster to a central controller.

Abstract: A pre-lithiation module for a lithium containing secondary battery includes a switched capacitor circuit, a pre-lithiation module controller connected to the switched capacitor circuit, a battery connector for electrical connection to an electrode busbar and a counter-electrode busbar of the lithium containing secondary battery, and a pre-lithiation connector for electrical connection to an auxiliary electrode of the lithium containing secondary battery. The pre-lithiation module controller includes a processor and a memory. The memory of the pre-lithiation module controller stores instructions that program the pre-lithiation module controller to operate the switched capacitor circuit to selectively conduct a current through the auxiliary electrode to diffuse lithium to electrode active material layers of the lithium containing secondary battery.

Abstract: A distributed power system delivers DC power to a plurality of loads. The distributed power system includes a plurality of power converter modules having an associated DC to DC power conversion operation. Each of the modules includes a power regulation section for receiving a distributed input power from a distributed power line to generate a DC output by controlling the operation of the switching pulse generator. A processing section within the module interfaces with a data communications line for interfacing with the commands. The processing section is capable of operating in both a slave mode to receive commands from said data communication bus and a master mode for generating the commands. In at least one of the modules operating in the master mode, the processing section generates the commands for transmission over the data communications line to an address of one of the other modules.

Abstract: An interface bridge between a standard input-output (I/O) computer port and a Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) interface. The DALI bridge translates signal levels and protocol from the standard I/O computer interface port to the DALI signal levels and protocol, and visa-versa. A digital processor is used for protocol translation and message buffering. Signal level translation is used to properly connect to a the computer port and the voltage levels of the two wire DALI bus. Using a standard computer for testing and control of a DALI compliant device and/or plurality of DALI compliant devices in a building lighting system is facilitated by the DALI bridge.

Abstract: A Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) receives power from a high voltage power circuit when in a standby mode. The DALI remains in a standby mode until signal activity on a DALI bus is detected, or the DALI may periodically switch from the standby mode to an active mode so as to sample any activity on the DALI bus. If no activity is detected then the DALI returns to the standby mode. If DALI bus activity is detected then the DALI remains in the active mode. The DALI receives power from a power controller when in the active mode. The DALI remains in the active mode so long as the power controller is supplying power to an electrical device.

Abstract: A Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) receives power from a high voltage power circuit when in a standby mode. The DALI remains in a standby mode until signal activity on a DALI bus is detected, or the DALI may periodically switch from the standby mode to an active mode so as to sample any activity on the DALI bus. If no activity is detected then the DALI returns to the standby mode. If DALI bus activity is detected then the DALI remains in the active mode. The DALI receives power from a power controller when in the active mode. The DALI remains in the active mode so long as the power controller is supplying power to an electrical device.

Abstract: A Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) master and DALI control bus power supply in combination with at least one DALI sub-master are connected to a single DALI control bus. The single DALI control bus may have a plurality of DALI slave devices, e.g., luminaries connected thereto and disbursed throughout a plurality of offices and/or rooms. The DALI master and the at least one DALI sub-master allow local control of the lighting in each office or room while maintaining the simplicity and cost effectiveness of a single DALI control bus system. Collision of commands sent simultaneously by two or more DALI masters may be detected and the corrupted commands retransmitted.