Abstract: A valve assembly is provided that includes a flowbody, a valve element movably disposed within the flowbody, and a magnetically-energized seal mechanism. The magnetically-energized seal mechanism includes a wiper seal carried by one of the flowbody and the valve element and movable between a retracted position and an extended position. A first magnetic element is fixedly coupled to the wiper seal, and a second magnetic element is fixedly coupled to one of the flowbody and the valve element. The second magnetic element magnetically repels the first magnetic element to bias the wiper seal toward the extended position.

Abstract: A biosensor in which at least one reagent constitutes a portion of a working electrode, a conductive track leading from a working electrode to an electrical contact associated with a working electrode, or an electrical contact associated with a working electrode. For example, the biosensor can have a mediator or an enzyme or both incorporated into the working electrode itself. Other reagents can be dispensed on the electrode itself either directly or by impregnating a matrix, such as a mesh or a membrane, with the enzyme, and then placing the impregnated mesh or membrane over the electrode. Alternatively, the biosensor can have a mediator or an enzyme or both incorporated into the conductive track leading from the working electrode to an electrical contact associated with the working electrode. In another alternative, the biosensor can have a mediator or an enzyme or both incorporated into the electrical contact associated with the working electrode itself.