Abstract: A conduit segment casting mold system includes at least one inner mold; at least one outer mold configured as at least two outer mold sections of opposed shapes that define a cavity between the at least two outer mold sections that is sized to at least partially enclose the at least one inner mold, each of the at least two outer mold sections including a respective mating surface, each of the at least two outer mold sections including at least one hole sized to receive a cable, and the at least one hole of a particular one of the at least two outer mold sections is aligned with the at least one hole of another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections when the mating surfaces of the particular one and the another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections are mated; and a mold base.

Abstract: A zero-emissions emergency response vehicle includes at least one zero-emissions power system; at least one drive assembly coupled to the at least one zero-emissions power system and operable to move the vehicle with power from the at least one zero-emissions power system; and at least one ultra-high pressure (UHP) fluid delivery system mounted to the vehicle. The at least one UHP fluid delivery system includes a fluid reservoir mounted to the vehicle and configured to store a fire-suppression fluid, a fluid output tool fluidly coupled to the fluid reservoir, and at least one UHP pump-motor assembly coupled to the at least one zero-emissions power system and operable to circulate a flow of the fire-suppression fluid from the fluid reservoir to the fluid output tool with power from the at least one zero-emissions power system.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A conduit segment casting mold system includes at least one inner mold; at least one outer mold configured as at least two outer mold sections of opposed shapes that define a cavity between the at least two outer mold sections that is sized to at least partially enclose the at least one inner mold, each of the at least two outer mold sections including a respective mating surface, each of the at least two outer mold sections including at least one hole sized to receive a cable, and the at least one hole of a particular one of the at least two outer mold sections is aligned with the at least one hole of another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections when the mating surfaces of the particular one and the another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections are mated; and a mold base.

Abstract: A conduit segment casting mold system includes at least one inner mold; at least one outer mold configured as at least two outer mold sections of opposed shapes that define a cavity between the at least two outer mold sections that is sized to at least partially enclose the at least one inner mold, each of the at least two outer mold sections including a respective mating surface, each of the at least two outer mold sections including at least one hole sized to receive a cable, and the at least one hole of a particular one of the at least two outer mold sections is aligned with the at least one hole of another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections when the mating surfaces of the particular one and the another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections are mated; and a mold base.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A conduit segment casting mold system includes at least one inner mold; at least one outer mold configured as at least two outer mold sections of opposed shapes that define a cavity between the at least two outer mold sections that is sized to at least partially enclose the at least one inner mold, each of the at least two outer mold sections including a respective mating surface, each of the at least two outer mold sections including at least one hole sized to receive a cable, and the at least one hole of a particular one of the at least two outer mold sections is aligned with the at least one hole of another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections when the mating surfaces of the particular one and the another particular one of the at least two outer mold sections are mated; and a mold base.

Abstract: A roadway conduit system includes a roadway conduit section that includes a floor portion with roadway surface configured to receive traveling vehicles, a ceiling portion, and at least one sidewall portion coupled to the floor portion and the ceiling portion such that the floor, ceiling, and at least one sidewall portions define a roadway conduit volume through which the traveling vehicles traverse the roadway conduit section. The roadway conduit section includes at least two fixedly connected preformed segments. The roadway conduit system also includes a roadway conduit ingress coupled to a first location of the roadway conduit section; a roadway conduit egress coupled to a second location of the roadway conduit section; and at least one air mover configured to circulate an airflow in the roadway conduit volume in a direction of at least one of the traveling vehicles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a temperature difference between two regions within a cavitation chamber is provided. The cavitation chamber is partially filled with cavitation fluid, thereby forming a cavitation fluid free surface which divides the chamber into a first region located above the cavitation fluid free surface and a second region located below the cavitation fluid free surface. The region above the cavitation fluid free surface is heated in order to form the desired temperature difference, heat being provided by a resistive heater or other means. In addition to heating the region above the cavitation fluid free surface, the region below the cavitation fluid free surface can be cooled, for example utilizing a refrigerated container, refrigeration coils, a thermoelectric cooler, or other means. A temperature monitor can be thermally coupled to the first region, the second region, or both.

Abstract: A cavitation system and method of use for loading the cavitation medium with a source gas, e.g., a reactant, prior to cavitation is provided. The cavitation system includes a cavitation chamber with suitable cavitation drivers and a pressurized gas source coupled to the chamber. A valve interposed between the source gas and the cavitation chamber controls the reactant loading process. In another aspect, a vacuum system is coupled to the cavitation system for use during degassing. The vacuum system may include a cold trap. Preferably multiple valves are used to couple/de-couple the vacuum system and the gas source to the cavitation system when required, for example as a means of protecting associated pressure gauges. In another aspect, the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium fill reservoir as well as any coupling conduits in which the cavitation fluid is expected to flow are heated to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the intended cavitation medium.

Abstract: A system and method for degassing a cavitation fluid is provided. The cavitation system of the invention includes a cavitation chamber with one or more cavitation drivers and a degassing system coupled to the chamber. One or more heaters, such as resistive heaters, are coupled to an external surface of the cavitation chamber such that heat from the heaters is transmitted through the wall of the cavitation chamber and into localized regions of the cavitation fluid contained within the cavitation chamber. The heater or heaters increase the temperature of the localized regions of the cavitation fluid to a temperature above the boiling temperature of the cavitation fluid, thereby creating vapor bubbles which capture gas trapped within the cavitation fluid through a rectified diffusion process. A cavitation fluid cooler can be used to insure that the average temperature of the cavitation fluid is below that of the boiling temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring a temperature difference between two regions within a cavitation system is provided. The system's cavitation chamber is partially or completely filled with cavitation fluid, the amount that the system is filled controlling whether a cavitation fluid free surface is formed within the cavitation chamber or a conduit coupled to the chamber. Regardless of whether the region of the system above the cavitation fluid free surface is within the chamber or within the conduit, a temperature difference is created between this region and the cavitation fluid within the cavitation chamber. The temperature difference between these two regions is monitored by monitoring the temperature of each region. The temperature difference can be created by either heating the region above the cavitation fluid free surface, cooling the cavitation fluid, or both.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a temperature difference between two regions within a cavitation system is provided. The system's cavitation chamber is filled with cavitation fluid such that a cavitation fluid free surface is formed within a conduit coupled to the chamber. The region of the conduit above the cavitation fluid free surface is heated in order to form the desired temperature difference, heat being provided by a resistive heater or other means. A temperature monitor such as a thermocouple can be thermally coupled to the heated conduit, thus providing a means of monitoring the temperature within the conduit. In addition to heating the conduit above the cavitation fluid free surface, the cavitation chamber can also be cooled, cooling being provided by a thermoelectric cooler, refrigeration coils, or other means. A temperature monitor can be coupled to the conduit above the cavitation fluid free surface, the cavitation chamber, or both.

Abstract: A method of replenishing reactant-depleted cavitation medium within a cavitation chamber without re-pressurizing the entire cavitation system is provided, reactant depletion resulting from the cavitation process performed within the cavitation chamber. In addition to the cavitation chamber, the cavitation system includes a cavitation medium reservoir flexibly coupled to the chamber via a pair of conduits. The flexible couplings allow the relative positions of the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir to be varied, thereby providing a means of either forcing the cavitation fluid to flow from the chamber and into the reservoir or from the reservoir and into the chamber. Such fluid flow causes mixing of the cavitation medium contained within the chamber and that contained within the reservoir, thus allowing replenishment of the source, e.g., reactant, within the chamber by mixing the cavitation fluid contained therein with non-depleted fluid contained within the reservoir.

Abstract: A cavitation system in which a source gas, e.g., a reactant, is loaded into the cavitation medium prior to cavitation is provided. The cavitation system includes a cavitation chamber with suitable cavitation drivers and a cavitation medium reservoir, the chamber and reservoir being flexibly coupled together via a pair of conduits. The conduits can be fabricated from a plastic or, as is preferred for higher temperature liquids, a metal. Typically metal conduits are formed into a coil, thus providing the desired flexibility. Flexibility is required in order to allow the relative positions of the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir to be varied.