Abstract: A package assembly comprising a sealed water-impermeable bag enclosing: a spiral wound filtration element comprising a piperazine-based membrane, and an aqueous solution comprises a substantially non-oxidizable buffer having capacity to sequester at least 0.0025 moles per liter of hydrogen ions. The assembly preferably further includes a reducing agent. The assembly provides improved preservation for piperazine-based membranes and elements incorporating such membranes.

Abstract: A package assembly comprising a sealed water-impermeable bag enclosing: a spiral wound filtration element comprising a piperazine-based membrane, and an aqueous solution comprises a substantially non-oxidizable buffer having capacity to sequester at least 0.0025 moles per liter of hydrogen ions. The assembly preferably further includes a reducing agent. The assembly provides improved preservation for piperazine-based membranes and elements incorporating such membranes.

Abstract: Polyoxazolines, such as poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 1,000 to about 150,000, are effective as dispersing agents for particulate matter found in starch/clay coatings and protein/latex clay coatings for paper. Usually, 0.005 percent to about 2.0 percent polyoxazoline, based on the total weight of the binder, effectively reduces the viscosity of said paper coatings, allowing the use of higher solids in the coating composition.

Abstract: The invention provides an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines in which the exhaust heat is used to thermally dissociate water to its constituent gases hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen so produced is introduced into the combustion chamber of the engine to at least partially replace the conventional fuel. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, water is dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen in a dissociation chamber in the form of a transition tube containing a spirally wound ribbon arranged to urge water in the transition tube outwardly into contact with walls of the transition tube, said walls being heated by exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.