Abstract: An optical fiber Mach Zehnder Interferometer includes a first and second elongate optical fiber having a core and a cladding, first and second couplers wherein the cladding of the first optical fiber is coupled to the cladding of the second optical fiber. The first optical fiber includes a first elongate interfering arm where the first optical fiber extends between the first and second couplers. The first interfering arm includes a miniature bend formed therein. The second optical fiber includes a second elongate interfering arm extending between the first and second couplers and may also include a miniature bend formed therein. The miniature bends are contemplated to be either packed or unpackaged. The fibers may exhibit different coefficients of thermal expansion to maintain the path length differences of the interfering arms.

Abstract: A socket for an LGA or BGA package is provided which is of relatively simple construction and which provides reliable and efficient interconnection of the package and a printed circuit board. The socket comprises a contact assembly having an array of resilient conductive columns having respective contact ends, the columns being mounted on a thin insulative sheet. The contact assembly is supported on a frame of insulating material and which has alignment posts for alignment of the contact assembly to the frame and for alignment of the frame and mounted contact assembly to an associated circuit board. The frame also includes elements for soldering or bonding the socket to a circuit board.

Abstract: A power rectifier has a diode blank sandwiched between a pair of contacts which apply progressive compressive loads upon the diode blank as the temperature of the diode assembly increases. Preferably, the contacts are formed from dissimilar metals having different thermal expansion characteristics and are operatively coupled such that the thermal expansion differential translates into the desired compressive load characteristic.