Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the evaporation efficiency of a raw material by mounting an element of a porous sintered metal having the pore size smaller than the size of the solid raw material to a port for introducing a carrier gas into a bubbler vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the bulk delivery of a precursor, such as an organometallic compound, from a bulk container, such as a bubbler (1) to a plurality of reactor sites (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) wherein a carrier gas (2) is introduced into the container (1) of the precursor to pick up the precursor to form a gaseous mixture. The gaseous mixture is then selectively distributed to one or more of a plurality of reactor sites (12, 14, 16, 18, 20). The gaseous mixture may be stored in a reservoir (9) and be drawn by means of a pressure differential or under vacuum to each of the reactor sites, when required.

Abstract: The invention provides a working fluid for an electrophoretic image display device including a dispersion of a species of finely divided particles of an opaque dielectric material suspended in a suspension medium, each of the said particles which are transportable within the suspension medium under the influence of an electric field, has a chemical compound adsorbed on the surface thereof, the chemical compound is such that the molecules thereof exert an attractive force towards each other in the absence of the electric field.