Abstract: A frequency mixer includes a semiconductor substrate. An input current feedback amplifier is formed on the semiconductor substrate and receives a radio frequency (RF) signal and a local oscillator (LO) signal. An inverting current feedback amplifier is formed on the semiconductor substrate and connected to the input current feedback amplifier for inverting the LO signal and producing a half-wave signal. An output current feedback amplifier is formed on the semiconductor substrate and connected to an output of the input and inverting current feedback amplifiers and operative as an inverting summer for the RF and LO signals such that the output polarity of the RF signal is reversed.

Abstract: A frequency mixer includes a semiconductor substrate. An input current feedback amplifier is formed on the semiconductor substrate and receives a radio frequency (RF) signal and a local oscillator (LO) signal. An inverting current feedback amplifier is formed on the semiconductor substrate and connected to the input current feedback amplifier for inverting the LO signal and producing a half-wave signal. An output current feedback amplifier is formed on the semiconductor substrate and connected to an output of the input and inverting current feedback amplifiers and operative as an inverting summer for the RF and LO signals such that the output polarity of the RF signal is reversed.

Abstract: The bandwidth of a ‘single loop’ bit synchronizer is maintained constant over a relatively wide baud rate range, by making the loop's phase/frequency detector gain constant proportional to the loop's clock divider ratio. The phase/frequency detector may include charge pump that charges a capacitor with a current representative of the phase/frequency difference between an input data signal and the clock signal produced by the loop's clock divider. By resistor-coupling the loop filter to the capacitor, the loop filter sees a voltage that is proportional to the integral of the phase/frequency detector's output current over the symbol period of the received data signal. Since the data symbol period is the inverse of the data rate, and corresponds to the ratio of the clock frequency divisor N to the fixed output frequency produced by the VCO, the gain constant of the phase detector is proportional to the clock divisor N.

Abstract: A broad band phase shifter of the present invention can be used in a microstrip conductor and includes a power divider disposed along a microstrip conductor. The power divider has first and second outputs. A reference transmission line is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the first output of the power divider. A phase shift filter device is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the second output of the power divider. The phase shift filter device comprises a 180 degree phase shift coupled line structure formed of a first substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section, and a second substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section coupled to the first parallel. line section. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections have parallel lines that are spaced about five mils apart. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections also have parallel lines that are offset to each other.

Abstract: A broad band phase shifter of the present invention can be used in a microstrip conductor and includes a power divider disposed along a microstrip conductor. The power divider has first and second outputs. A reference transmission line is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the first output of the power divider. A phase shift filter device is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the second output of the power divider. The phase shift filter device comprises a 180 degree phase shift coupled line structure formed of a first substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section, and a second substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section coupled to the first parallel line section. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections have parallel lines that are spaced about five mils apart. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections also have parallel lines that are offset to each other.

Abstract: A broadband high power amplifier for multifrequency signal applications comprises an N-way power combiner that is arranged to combine a plurality of multi-frequency input signals and provide a combined (complex) signal at its output. The output of the N-way combiner is amplified in a preamplifier stage and supplied therefrom to an M-way power divider. The M-way power divider has a plurality of M output ports from which M subdivided versions of the combined (complex) output signal from the preamplifier are derived. Each of these effectively identical subdivided signals is coupled to a respective one of a plurality of M signal amplifier stages that drive the radial power combiner. Each amplifier stage is a relatively low to moderate gain amplifier stage, so that its amplitude and phase characteristics may be matched with those of the others of the M amplifier stages.

Abstract: An optical range finder includes two detectors for minimizing frequency dispersion affects of the detectors on the system. The optical range finder is calibrated by locking a voltage controlled oscillator onto adjacent null modulation signal frequencies and determining a calibration time for each adjacent frequency. Once the calibration time is determined, the range finder transmits its modulated light signal to a target device and back. The signal reflected back is detected and a measurement time delay is calculated for each of the adjacent modulation signal frequencies. From these measurements, the actual distance between the target and the device can be calculated. The multiple frequency measurements allows for statistical averaging of random errors in the system.