Abstract: A composite system capable of protecting a substrate from a jet fire including a lower layer of an active fire protective material and an upper layer of a fire protective material. The upper layer forms an open cell matrix when exposed to a jet fire to permit passage of gasses from the lower layer to ambient. The upper layer comprises a fill of refractory material and protects the system during initial exposure to a hyperthermal condition. The upper layer swells on exposure to hyperthermal conditions, but swells less than the lower layer.

Abstract: A composite system capable of protecting a substrate from a jet fire including a lower layer of an active fire protective material and an upper layer of a fire protective material. The upper layer forms an open cell matrix when exposed to a jet fire to permit passage of gasses from the lower layer to ambient. The upper layer comprises a fill of refractory material and protects the system during initial exposure to a hyperthermal condition. The upper layer swells on exposure to hyperthermal conditions, but swells less than the lower layer.

Abstract: A flexible intumescent composition for protecting a substrate against fire and thermal extremes includes an internally flexibilized epoxy binder, a carbonific, a spumific, a catalyst, and preferably additives. The compositions can be applied as coatings or can be formed into shapes, preferably sheets which are applied to or wrapped around the substrate. The sheets may be adhered to the substrate, and the ends of the wrapped sheets may be stapled or otherwise secured to each other.

Abstract: A composite system capable of protecting a substrate from a jet fire including a lower layer of an active fire protective material and an upper layer of a fire protective material. The upper layer forms an open cell matrix when exposed to a jet fire to permit passage of gasses from the lower layer to ambient. The upper layer comprises a fill of refractory material and protects the system during initial exposure to a hyperthermal condition. The upper layer swells on exposure to hyperthermal conditions, but swells less than the lower layer.

Abstract: A glass fiber capable of withstanding temperatures in excess of 1900.degree. F. is produced by treating a glass, preferably E-glass, fiber. The glass fiber is first leached with selected acids, and then the leached fiber is treated with organo-metallic materials of low viscosity, such as a dispersion of low molecular weight water-in-oil emulsion of dimethyl polysiloxane. The fiber is used in such applications as embedding it in a fire-resistant active coating material or embedding it into one surface of a polyolefin or composite plastic, such as a polypropylene sheet. The treated fiberglass can be used as a sole component or in concert with a fire-resistant or fire retardant material to further enhance its fire-resistant properties.

Abstract: A heat shield for an exhaust system of a vehicle includes a resinified spaced layer fabric having at least one inner layer, at least one outer layer, and at least one spacer between the inner layer or layers and the outer layer or layers to form one or more insulative spaces. The heat shield includes an emissivity reducing material. The insulative space is between about one and about eight millimeters thick, to reduce convective heat transfer.

Abstract: An intumescent composition for protecting a substrate against fire and thermal extremes includes a polymer binder containing a small amount of platinum, preferably in the form of a coordination complex. The binder is a non-silicone based polymer, and the platinum acts as a catalyst under fire conditions to protect the char and increase char life, thereby increasing the time of protection. The binder is preferably an epoxy, most preferably an epoxy polysulfide. The platinum is preferably mixed with nickel, most preferably as a nickel-platinum ammonia complex, the complex being present in an amount of less than two percent by weight of the composition. The complexes are preferably tetrafluoroborate salts. The composition also preferably includes a solvent, a carbonific, a spumific, and a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: Coating compositions for blocking heat from hyperthermal sources are reinforced with high-temperature, high emissivity, open weave fabrics. The coating compositions contain materials which actively respond to excessively high temperatures by undergoing endothermic processes or by swelling, preferably by both. The preferred fabrics are made of graphite or cardo-polymer yarns. The reinforced compositions may be applied directly to a substrate, or they may be molded into self-supporting shapes which are applied to the substrate or are themselves structural units.

Abstract: A product and process by which heat from hyperthermal sources is blocked by compositions including coordination complexes. The compositions provide a sustained, uniform, and controlled method of heat blockage in an artificial boundary layer or heat exchange matrix. When the compositions are incorporated in a coating composition, the rate of discharge of the coating medium is continuous, gradual, and controlled to the desired rate level for a given thermal environment.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing ammonium polyphosphate by the reaction of urea and polyphosphoric acid, over a wide range of molecular weights, in a pre-mix slurry, under controlled temperature of about 315.degree.+/-15.degree. C. The slurry is reacted on a hot, continuously moving surface and forms ammonium polyphosphate in an ammonia atmosphere. Preferably, the pre-mixed slurry is added to a screw-type extruder, where the material comes in contact with the ammonia along the preheated moving surfaces of the extruder. The ammonium polyphosphate is scraped from the extrusion screw into a container with minimum handling. The material can be ground to a finer consistency if desired.

Abstract: Reaction of an aromatic dianhydride with a polycyclic aromatic primary diamine at a controlled reaction rate yields a diamic acid dianhydride oligomer. The oligomer may be a precursor for an imide foam which forms at low temperature, has outstanding physical characteristics, and is extremely heat resistant. The diamic acid moiety may be converted to diimide, and other modifications of the oligomer are disclosed. Other derivatives of the oligomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: An envelope system for protecting a substrate from fire or other thermal extreme. The system includes a screen, which surrounds the entire substrate and which is set off from the substrate by ridges folded into the screen, and a thermal protective coating applied to the screen and spaced from the substrate by the screen to form an air gap between the substrate and the coating.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing ammonium polyphosphate by the reaction of urea and polyphosphoric acid, over a wide range of molecular weights, in a pre-mix slurry, under controlled temperature of about 315.degree.+/-15.degree. C. The slurry is reacted on a hot, continuously moving surface and forms ammonium polyphosphate in an ammonia atmosphere. Preferably, the pre-mixed slurry is added to a screw-type extruder, where the material comes in contact with the ammonia along the preheated moving surfaces of the extruder. The ammonium polyphosphate is scraped from the extrusion screw into a container with minimum handling. The material can be ground to a finer consistency if desired.

Abstract: Reaction of an aromatic dianhydride with a polycyclic aromatic primary diamine at a controlled reaction rate yields a diamic acid dianhydride oligomer. The oligomer may be a precursor for an imide foam which forms at low temperature, has outstanding physical characteristics, and is extremely heat resistant. The diamic acid moiety may be converted to diimide, and other modifications of the oligomer are disclosed. Other derivatives of the oligomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: An envelope system for protecting a substrate from fire or other thermal extreme. The system includes a screen, which surrounds the entire substrate and which is set off from the substrate by ridges folded into the screen, and a thermal protective coating applied to the screen and spaced from the substrate by the screen to form an air gap between the substrate and the coating.