Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of a compound having the structure of Formula I The process includes reacting a heterocyclic amine with a monoaldehyde or a dialdehyde in a pH range of from about 8 to 14 and then quaternizing the so-reacted heterocyclic amine with an alkylating agent at a pH of not less than about 2. The use of pH control substantially prevents formation of an undesirable protonated reaction intermediate.

Abstract: A process for preparing quaternized glycine nitriles of formula I ##STR1## comprising reaction of the corresponding precursor amine, aldehyde, hydrocyanic acid or alkali metal cyanide, and subsequent quaternization with an alkylating agent, wherein the reaction and quaternization are carried out successively in aqueous medium without isolation of an intermediate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-allyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which ##STR2## denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or methyl,n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, andX denotes a water-solubilizing anion,wherein a compound of formula II ##STR3## is caused to react, in aqueous medium, with a compound of formula III ##STR4## in which A denotes a radical which can be eliminated as an anion. The compounds produced by the process of the invention are very well suited for use as brighteners in nickel electroplating.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-allyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which ##STR2## denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or methyl,n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, andX denotes a water-solubilizing anion,wherein a compound of formula II ##STR3## is caused to react, in aqueous medium, with a compound of formula III ##STR4## in which A denotes a radical which can be eliminated as an anion. The compounds produced by the process of the invention are very well suited for use as brighteners in nickel electroplating.

Abstract: Acyloxybenzenesulfonic acids and their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts are prepared by sulfonation of phenol in the presence of a small amount of a complexing agent for the sulfonating agent SO.sub.3 or chlorosulfonic acid, followed by esterification and, if required, neutralization to give the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.

Abstract: A process for waterproofing leather and skins with a silicone oil and the salt of an N-(C.sub.9 -C.sub.20 -acyl)-amino acid as an emulsifier for the silicone oil, which is carried out in the aqueous phase during or after retanning, and the use of salts of N-acylamino acids as emulsifiers for silicone oils in the waterproofing of leather and skins in the aqueous phase, and the mixtures used for this purpose.

Abstract: Acyloxybenzenesulfonic acids and their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts are prepared by a process comprising sulfonation of a phenyl ester in the presence or absence of a small amount of a complexing agent for the sulfonating agent SO.sub.3 or chlorosulfonic acid, subsequent acylation and, if desired, neutralization to give the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt, and, if required, subjecting the latter to oxidative bleaching before drying.

Abstract: Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of acyloxybenzenesulfonic acids of the formula I ##STR1## where R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical of 1 to 17 carbon atoms or is phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, halogen, methoxy or nitro, are prepared by neutralization, by a method in which a liquid acyloxybenzenesulfonic acid of the formula I and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate are combined in water, at from 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. and while mixing thoroughly, so that the pH is kept at from 2.5 to 7.0, and, if desired, the resulting salt is isolated from the aqueous solution in a conventional manner.

Abstract: Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of acyloxybenzenesulfonic acids of the formula I ##STR1## where R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical of 1 to 17 carbon atoms or is phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, halogen, methoxy or nitro, are prepared by neutralization, by a method in which a liquid acyloxybenzenesulfonic acid of the formula I and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate are combined in water, at from 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. and while mixing throughly, so that the pH is kept at from 2.5 to 7.0, and, if desired, the resulting salt is isolated from the aqueous solution in a conventional manner.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to the use of foam inhibitors in printing pastes based on oil-in-water emulsions or aqueous emulsions. The foam inhibitors are mixtures of monoalkyphosphates and aliphatic esters or high boiling hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for purifying C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 -alkylglycosides which have been obtained by reacting lower alkylglycosides or hydroxyalkylglycosides with C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 -alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, by distillative removal of unconverted C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 -alcohols, wherein the distillative removal, at least of the last amounts of unconverted alcohols, is carried out in the presence of glycols whose boiling points are at most 10.degree. above, and at most 30.degree. below, those of the alcohols to be removed.

Abstract: Products which have been obtained by reacting an acid of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, but the sum of the carbon atoms of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is not greater than 7 and preferably not greater than 3, A is a benzene, naphthalene or anthracene radical or a biphenyl structure, such as a diphenyl, diphenylmethane, diphenyl ether, diphenyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfoxide or diphenyl sulfone radical, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl of not more than 4 carbon atoms, .beta.-cyanoethyl or hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl or carboxyl and X is --SO.sub.2 -- or --CO--, with an amine of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl and/or ##STR3## R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 being hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of aromatic monoaldehydes by reacting monochlorinated methylaromatics with hexamethylenetetramine by a Sommelet reaction, the improvement that in place of pure chloromethylaromatics the chlorination mixtures produced by photochlorination of the methylaromatics are employed and are treated with hexamethylenetetramine without prior working up, after which the Sommelet reaction is allowed to take place.

Abstract: Alkanes substituted by chlorine atoms and/or sulfochloride groups are prepared by reacting alkanes with chlorine, with or without sulfur dioxide, in a particular throughput ratio, in a reaction chamber inclined to the horizontal, the starting materials being passed through the reaction chamber in co-current, from below. The substituted alkanes or paraffins obtainable by the process of the invention are pesticides, plasticizers, solvents and starting materials for the preparation of such products, as well as of fat liquors, detergents, lubricating oils, synthetic resins and slip agents.

Abstract: A process for dyeing textile materials, containing natural and/or synthetic fibers, in an aqueous liquor by means of dyes which are sparingly soluble or insoluble in water, in the presence of dyeing assistants, wherein the dispersant used is a water-soluble sulfonic acid which is derived from a random copolymer of olefins of 3 to 6 carbon atoms and styrene and/or substituted styrenes and/or their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts.

Abstract: Opacifying agents for liquid detergents, cleaning agents and cosmetic compositions, obtained by free-radical emulsion polymerization of styrene or emulsion copolymerization of styrene with methacrylates or acrylates in the presence of sodium polyacrylate having a K value of 15 to 35 and sarcosides of unsaturated fatty acids, the solid polymer particles having a softening point above 90.degree. C.

Abstract: Polyester fibers are dyed level shades at above 100.degree. C with disperse dyes from an aqueous liquor containing emulsions of aliphatic alcohols of 8 to 12 carbon atoms.