Abstract: A process for producing formed parts made of an aluminum alloy, including the steps of exposing the aluminum alloy to high shearing forces in a mixing and kneading machine, feeding the liquid aluminum alloy to the working space at one end of the housing and, at the other end of the housing, removing from the working space the liquid aluminum alloy now formed as a partially solid aluminum alloy with a predefined solids content, and processing the partially solid aluminum alloy with the predefined solids content into formed parts, wherein the solids content of the aluminum alloy in the working space is set to the predefined solids content by cooling and heating the working space in a targeted manner. The mixing and kneading machine includes a housing with a working space, a worm shaft including kneading blades and axial passage openings, and kneading projections.

Abstract: An assembly for sealing a shaft, which shaft is arranged in a container filled with a liquid melt consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, passes through an opening in a wall of the container, and rotates about a shaft axis and/or moves back and forth in the direction of the shaft axis, including at least one annular sealing element that encompasses the shaft. The at least one annular sealing element is made of carbon, a ceramic material, or a metal material and is arranged outside of the container, and the shaft is provided with a coating made of carbon, a ceramic material, or a metal material in the encompassing area of the at least one annular sealing element, wherein the wear resistance of the coating on the shaft is the same as or higher than the wear resistance of the at least one annular sealing element.

Abstract: A cold-hardening aluminum casting alloy with good thermal stability for the production of thermally and mechanically stressed cast components, wherein the alloy includes from 11.0 to 12.0 wt % silicon from 0.7 to 2.0 wt % magnesium from 0.1 to 1 wt % manganese less than or equal to 1 wt % iron less than or equal to 2 wt % copper less than or equal to 2 wt % nickel less than or equal to 1 wt % chromium less than or equal to 1 wt % cobalt less than or equal to 2 wt % zinc less than or equal to 0.25 wt % titanium 40 ppm boron optionally from 80 to 300 ppm strontium and aluminium as the remainder with further elements and impurities due to production individually at most 0.05 wt %, in total at most 0.2 wt %. The alloy is suitable in particular for the production of cylinder crank cases by the die-casting method.

Abstract: A method for turbidity measurement in a measured medium uses a turbidity sensor, which comprises at least a first and a second emitter and at least a first and a second detector. The first and the second emitters are excited one after the other to produce light signals directed into the measured medium; wherein each light signal travels along a first propagation path through the measured medium to the first detector, and is converted by such into a first detector signal; and travels along a second propagation path through the measured medium to the second detector, and is converted by such into a second detector signal. A turbidity value is ascertained based on the first and the second detector signals; wherein, by means of at least one additional detector, to which at least one of the light signals travels along an additional propagation path, an additional detector signal is ascertained, and, on the basis of the additional detector signal, the turbidity value is checked as regards its plausibility.

Abstract: In a process for producing die-cast parts made of an aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is exposed to high shearing forces in a mixing and kneading machine, is removed as partially solid aluminum alloy with a predefined solids content, is transferred into a filling chamber of a die-casting machine and is introduced into a casting mold using a piston, wherein a solids content of the aluminum alloy in a working space of the mixing and kneading machine is set to a predefined solids content by cooling and heating the working space in a targeted manner.

Abstract: A turbidity measuring device having a four-beam, alternating light arrangement for registering turbidity of a measured medium includes first and second light sources L1, L2; and first and second receivers R1, R2. The direct measuring paths extend from light sources Li, through a measured medium, to receivers Ri, and indirect measuring paths extend from light sources Li, through the measured medium, to second receivers Rj; wherein i?j; wherein turbidity can be ascertained as a function of a quotient A/B by means of an evaluating circuit; wherein A and B are functions at least of signals registered via the direct or indirect measuring paths; wherein at least a first monitor signal, which depends on the first light source, enters into one of the two terms A or B; wherein the light reaches the monitor from the first light source without interaction with the measured medium; and wherein the monitor signal is added to at least one of the signals registered via the measuring paths and entering into the term A or B.

Abstract: A cold-hardening aluminium casting alloy with good thermal stability for the production of thermally and mechanically stressed cast components, wherein the alloy includes from 11.0 to 12.0 wt % silicon from 0.7 to 2.0 wt % magnesium from 0.1 to 1 wt % manganese less than or equal to 1 wt % iron less than or equal to 2 wt % copper less than or equal to 2 wt % nickel less than or equal to 1 wt % chromium less than or equal to 1 wt % cobalt less than or equal to 2 wt % zinc less than or equal to 0.25 wt % titanium 40 ppm boron optionally from 80 to 300 ppm strontium and aluminium as the remainder with further elements and impurities due to production individually at most 0.05 wt %, in total at most 0.2 wt %. The alloy is suitable in particular for the production of cylinder crank cases by the die-casting method.

Abstract: A turbidity measuring device for determining the concentration Kj of a substance Sj in a medium includes measuring arrangements, in which the intensities of scattered light at different angles are registered and convertable into current values of at least a first measured variable M1 and a second measured variable M2, which have different dependences on the concentration Kj of a substance Sj (Mi(Kj)=fij(Kj)). The turbidity measuring device has stored for the measured variables Mi for a number of substances Sj calibration functions gij, with which, in each case, a concentration of a substance Sj is determinable (Kj=gij(Mi)). The turbidity measuring device further includes a computing unit, which is suitable for evaluating the ascertained concentration values gaj(Ma), gbj(Mb), wherein a?b, for different substances Sj as regards their plausibility and so to identify a plausible substance Sj, or to check the plausibility of an earlier identified or predetermined substance Sj.

Abstract: A method for turbidity measurement in a measured medium uses a turbidity sensor, which comprises at least a first and a second emitter and at least a first and a second detector. The first and the second emitters are excited one after the other to produce light signals directed into the measured medium; wherein each light signal travels along a first propagation path through the measured medium to the first detector, and is converted by such into a first detector signal; and travels along a second propagation path through the measured medium to the second detector, and is converted by such into a second detector signal. A turbidity value is ascertained based on the first and the second detector signals; wherein, by means of at least one additional detector, to which at least one of the light signals travels along an additional propagation path, an additional detector signal is ascertained, and, on the basis of the additional detector signal, the turbidity value is checked as regards its plausibility.

Abstract: In an aluminium alloy of type AlMgSi with good creep strength at elevated temperatures for the production of castings subject to high thermal and mechanical stresses the contents of the alloying elements magnesium and silicon in % w/w in a Cartesian coordinate system are limited by a polygon A with the coordinates [Mg; Si] [8.5; 2.7] [8.5; 4.7] [6.3; 2.7] [6.3; 3.4] and that the alloy also contains 0.1 to 1% w/w manganese max. 1% w/w iron max. 3% w/w copper max. 2% w/w nickel max. 0.5% w/w chromium max. 0.6% w/w cobalt max. 0.2% w/w zinc max. 0.2% w/w titanium max. 0.5% w/w zirconium max. 0.008% w/w beryllium max. 0.5% w/w vanadium as well as aluminium remainder rest with further elements and manufacturing-related impurities of individually max. 0.05% w/w and max. 0.2% w/w in total. The alloy is suitable in particular for the production of cylinder crankcases by the pressure die casting method.

Abstract: A casting with good heat resistance comprises an alloy with 2 to 4 w. % magnesium 0.9 to 1.5 w. % silicon 0.1 to 0.4 w. % manganese 0.1 to 0.4 w. % chromium max. 0.2 w. % iron max. 0.1 w. % copper max. 0.2 w. % zinc max. 0.2 w. % titanium max. 0.3 w. % zirconium max. 0.008 w. % beryllium max. 0.5 w. % vanadium with aluminium as the remainder, with further elements and production-induced contaminants individually max. 0.02 w. %, total max. 0.2 w. %.

Abstract: A method for power optimization in a vehicle/train, using time reserves which are included when planning a schedule, is proposed. In order to achieve a power-saving travel mode with the aid of an optimization algorithm, the presence of a number of completely or partially autonomous drive systems is taken into account, the separate functions of efficiency or power loss of each drive system being taken into consideration.

Abstract: The novel method and device provide for process control—closed-loop control or open-loop control—for a thermal system with an obstruction-curved and/or thick-walled component through which a medium flows. The wall temperatures of the component are detected, the heat flux density of the heat flux from the medium into the wall of the component is determined, the respective heat transmission coefficient is determined, using the wall temperatures. The heat flux density, and the heat transmission coefficient thus determined are used to influence the medium properties, with the heat stresses in the component being taken into account.

Abstract: A method for power optimization in a vehicle/train is proposed, using time reserves which are included when planning a schedule, an overall route to be traveled between a starting stop and a destination stop being subdivided into a number of steps. In order to achieve a power-saving travel mode, with the aid of an optimization algorithm, the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the time are used as state variables in a vehicle model. The changes in the state variables are considered with respect to the distance in each step.

Abstract: A method is proposed for power optimization in a vehicle/train, using time reserves which are included when a schedule is planned, an overall route to be covered between a starting stop and a destination stop being subdivided into a number of sections and each section being assigned a specific time reserve. In order to achieve a power-saving travel mode with the aid of an optimization algorithm, in each case only a limited route area, comprising a predefined number of sections, is taken into consideration for the optimization. The results of the optimization are implemented only for the first section of the route area. The optimization calculation is repeated cyclically during the journey of the vehicle/train, the route area being considered being moved together with the vehicle.

Abstract: An open-loop and closed-loop control method is described for starting up or shutting down a process component of a technical process. At least one manipulated variable that is fed to the process is formed by a control device and an upstream model-assisted pilot control. The pilot control contains an optimizer and a process model. The optimizer is fed at least one command variable for the technical process. At least one optimized model manipulated variable which the optimizer outputs is fed to a process model of the pilot control and, is added to at least one output variable of the control device to form the manipulated variable. A model output variable of the process model is fed to the control device as a set-point and fed back to the optimizer along with variables which cannot be measured in the technical process. A device for implementing the method is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiautomatic control system or control method for ensuring a driving method which is as energy-saving as possible. In this system, there is both manual inputting of control data, for example a definition of a vehicle speed specified value, by the driver of the vehicle and automatic determination of the most energy-saving vehicle speed as a function of predefined peripheral conditions, for example a general travel schedule, the topology of a route, vehicle-specific peripheral conditions and the like. An inference system is used to determine which of these two values is smaller, and is therefore used to make possible safe and at the same time energy-saving travel (or journey). Additionally, a safety check of the manual travel speed input value and of the automatically determined travel speed specified value can also be carried out in order to reliably prevent a maximum permissible travel speed value from being exceeded.

Abstract: A drive slip regulating system is described, in which the speeds of the drive wheels are compared with one another and as a function of the deviation .DELTA. v a set-point brake pressure is calculated, with which the excessively spinning wheel is to be braked. In the pulsed furnishing of the brake pressure, the valve opening times are calculated, taking the pressure buildup function into account, in such a way that the actual brake pressure corresponds to the set-point brake pressure.

Abstract: A sealing for a rotary impeller blade partially extending outwardly from a rotor of an impeller pump includes two sealing strips of plastics, the ends of which abut against the opposing side faces of the blade in the region of a slot found in the rotor, and two respective supporting members of metal. Each supporting member secured to the assigned sealing strips reliably supports the sealing strip whereby the sealing strips resist to vibrations occurring at high speeds of the pump during operation.

Abstract: In the removal of the overburden prior to surface mining of minerals in an elongated pit, one or more first excavating machines remove the overburden along one elongated part of the pit and direct the removed material via a cross-pit transporter across the pit where it is deposited outwardly from and along the opposite side, called the dump side. At least one other excavating machine travels along the remaining elongated part of the pit at a level not higher than the level of the cross-pit transporter and removes the overburden to the same dump side of the pit. The excavating machines moving along the elongated part of the pit operate independently of one another. When the cross-pit transporter and the second excavating machine operating in the remaining elongated part of the pit on the same level, meet while moving in opposite directions, the second excavating machine moves across the pit out of the path of the cross-pit transporter and the transporter is moved past the second excavating machine.