Abstract: An air guiding flap of an aircraft wherein one surface thereof faces an air duct and is exposed to a prevailing pressure in the air duct and whose opposite surface is exposed to the pressure of the relative wind flowing past the aircraft. The air guiding flap comprises an actuator for automatically opening and closing the air guiding flap which actuator cooperates with a device for controlling the position of the air guiding flap. In order to keep the stress on the air guiding flap low a force detecting device is provided which detects the force impinging on the actuator base don a difference between the prevailing pressure in the air duct and the pressure of the relative wind flowing past the aircraft. The controlling device adjusts the position of the air guiding flap such that the force impinging on the actuator at any one time is at least essentially zero.

Abstract: Nowadays in aircraft on-board inert gas generation systems (OBIGGS) are used to generate inert gases. Cooled bleed air of engines or auxiliary turbines is fed to said OBIGGS systems. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an air supply device for an OBIGGS system in an aircraft is proposed that comprises a bleed position (1,2). By way of the bleed position (1,2), air from an air conditioning unit (4,5) on board the aircraft can be bled and can be fed to the OBIGGS system. There is thus no need for an additional heat exchanger and an additional ram-air channel. Maintenance expenditure and air resistance are thus reduced.

Abstract: A data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation. Methods are provided for generating and processing irregular line structures as digital image data on a computer following individual specifications by an operator. The line structures are transferred to a line intaglio printing plate. The digital image data is used for controlling an engraving apparatus. In the alternative, other printing processes may be involved wherein the digital image data is superimposed at least partly with fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air guiding flap of an aircraft wherein one surface thereof faces an air duct and is exposed to a prevailing pressure in the air duct and whose opposite surface is exposed to the pressure of the relative wind flowing past the aircraft. The air guiding flap comprises an actuator for automatically opening and closing the air guiding flap which actuator cooperates with a device for controlling the position of the air guiding flap. In order to keep the stress on the air guiding flap low a force detecting device is provided which detects the force impinging on the actuator based on a difference between the prevailing pressure in the air duct and the pressure of the relative wind flowing past the aircraft. The controlling device adjusts the position of the air guiding flap such that the force impinging on the actuator at any one time is at least essentially zero.

Abstract: A data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation. Methods are provided for generating and processing irregular line structures as digital image data on a computer following individual specifications by an operator. The line structures are transferred to a line intaglio printing plate. The digital image data is used for controlling an engraving apparatus. In the alternative, other printing processes may be involved wherein the digital image data is superimposed at least partly with fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation.

Abstract: A data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation. Methods are provided for generating and processing irregular line structures as digital image data on a computer following individual specifications by an operator. The line structures are transferred to a line intaglio printing plate. The digital image data is used for controlling an engraving apparatus. In the alternative, other printing processes may be involved wherein the digital image data is superimposed at least partly with fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive and/or negative representation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treating waste materials including pyrolysing the waste materials in a first heating zone to produce pyrolysis gas containing dust and impurities, removing at least 90% of the dust from the pyrolysis gas, and burning the pyrolysis gas to produce flue gas. The flue gas produced is either immediately denitrogenated non-catalytically or first cooled and then catalytically denitrogenated. Following denitrogenation the flue gas is filtered to purify the gas.

Abstract: A method for thawing frozen road culverts. The first step involves positioning an electrically conductive cable in a road culvert prior to an ice blockage occurring. A connection end of the electrically conductive cable is anchored in an accessible location. The second step involves connecting a power source to the connection end of the electrically conductive cable after an ice blockage of the road culvert has occurred and supplying power to the electrically conductive cable, such that energy generated by power flowing through the electrically conductive cable causes a flow path to be created through the ice blockage in the road culvert.

Abstract: A housing outlet comprises an inner closure frame provided with a C-shaped receiving groove and having a plurality of sections and a locking bar assembly having a single handle and a plurality of locking bars which are slidably supported in the receiving groove. The locking bars have a U-shaped cross section with two legs having side grooves extending over the full length of the legs and limited by a lower web having a thickness of S1 and an upper web having a thickness of S2. The receiving groove has a height H.sub.1 which is greater than the height H.sub.2 of the locking bar by the thickness S1 of the lower web. The receiving groove and the locking bar have a cross-section which is the same in all sections of the closure frame. The receiving groove has an inwardly extending edge strip, which has a height H3 smaller than the height N of the side grooves.

Abstract: A method is proposed for the desulphurization of sulphur-containing fuels in which the fuels are mixed with at least one solid basic additive and at least one metal in finely divided form, the mixture thus obtained subjected to a pyrolysis and the sulphur adsorptively or chemically bonded to the basic additive separated by methods known per se. The method is particularly suitable for the desulphurization of heavy fuel oil or used oil, and as solid basic additive preferably lime and as metal preferably iron powder are used. The permanent gas forming in the pyrolysis and the simultaneously forming condensate may be directly fired as low-sulphur fuel.

Abstract: Method and installation or apparatus for the treatment of material contaminated with toxic organic compounds in which the material is subjected to a thermal treatment to destroy or decompose the toxic compounds, the thermal treatment being carried out in two stages, i.e. a first stage in which the contaminated material is heated to a temperature of not more than 500.degree. C. under pyrolysis conditions in an indirectly heated rotary furnace, and a second stage in which the solid residue remaining in the first stage is heated in a second furnace to a temperature of at least 500.degree. C. until the concentration of toxic organic compounds in the residue is in the ppb range and preferably 1 ppb or less, and in which the gaseous reaction products of the first and second stages are supplied to a combustion chamber and there burnt at a temperature which is sufficient to completely destroy all the toxic organic compounds contained therein.

Abstract: A corner deviating device for a locking bar brace supported in a casement frame of window or a door has a one-piece housing which is provided in a corner region with a mounting opening for a spring band having drivers at its ends, the mounting opening being closable by an angular cover. One leg of the housing is insertable into a receiving groove of one wing of the casement frame, while the other leg of the housing is fixable on an edge strip of an associated receiving groove of another wing of the frame.

Abstract: In the particular embodiments described in the specification, an all-wheel drive system is disclosed wherein either the wheels of both the front axle and the rear axle of a vehicle are driven continuously and the front axle and rear axle can be rigidly coupled with each other, or wherein the wheels of only one axle are driven continuously while the drive for the wheels of the second axle can be obtained automatically by means of a viscosity clutch arranged in the driving train between the front axle and the rear axle so that the front and the rear axles are coupled with each other essentially rigidly according to the torque. In addition, one or more coupling devices are provided which are constructed so that a decrease in the rotational speed of the front wheels, caused in particular by the actuation of the service brake, cannot be transmitted through the driving train to the rear wheels.

Abstract: A method of calcining mineral components such as bituminous limestone in which heat is recovered from the calcining process and is used to liberate volatilizable substances within the mineral matter before the latter is subjected to calcination. The volatilized and pyrolytically decomposed substances form a fuel which is burned to produce the calcining gas mixture.