Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining information concerning the presence of ingredients with oxygen demand in a liquid sample, especially for determining the chemical oxygen demand of a liquid sample, especially a water, or wastewater, sample, by means of electrochemical oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample, oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample occurs on a boron doped, diamond electrode.

Abstract: The application of wood material from a tree of the genus Larix for treatment and prophylaxis of inflammation in humans or animals is described. The present invention is based on the use of raw larch wood material as a medicament and an anti-inflammatory food/feed supplement for animals and humans, wherein preferably larch sawdust, a by-product of wood industry is used.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer comprises a tunable oscillator (23) which provides an output signal of the frequency synthesizer, and a sampling phase detector (6) which receives the output signal from oscillator (23) and a reference signal and provides a phase difference signal representative of a phase difference between the output signal and the reference signal, which controls the frequency of the oscillator (23). The frequency of the oscillator (23) is further controlled by a frequency difference signal from a frequency detector (3), which is representative of a frequency difference between the output signal and the reference signal.

Abstract: The application of raw wood material from a tree of the genus Larix for treatment and prophylaxis of inflammation in humans or animals is described. The present invention is based on the use of raw larch wood material as a medicament and an anti-inflammatory food/feed supplement for animals and humans, wherein preferably larch sawdust, a by-product of wood industry, is used.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining information concerning the presence of ingredients with oxygen demand in a liquid sample, especially for determining the chemical oxygen demand of a liquid sample, especially a water, or wastewater, sample, by means of electrochemical oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample, oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample occurs on a boron doped, diamond electrode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the endoscopic application of self-closing medical clips (3), in particular, for arresting internal bleeding. The distal end of a catheter tube (1) is introduced into the body of a living being to be treated. Several clips (3), arranged successively in the catheter tube (1), are pushed forward in the direction of the tube distal end by a user device located at the proximal end of the catheter tube (1). The foremost clip (3) to be applied is pushed out of the distal end and opened by an actuation device. The actuation device includes an actuation element (21) which can be actuated by the user device, moved longitudinally into the catheter tube (1), and acts on the first front clip (3), as well as a control part (25) which converts the actuation force of the actuation element into an opening movement of the legs (5) of the clip (3).

Abstract: Method for producing a spindle nut of a ball screw, by provided the circumference of the nut with at least one through-opening for receiving a deflecting piece for balls of the ball screw. A hole punch arranged in the spindle nut and operable to punch out the through-opening from radially inward to radially outward through the casing of the spindle nut.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the endoscopic application of self-closing medical clips (3), in particular, for arresting internal bleeding, whereby the distal end of a catheter tube (1) is introduced into the body of a living being to be treated; several clips (3), arranged successively in the catheter tube (1), are pushed forward in the direction of the distal end thereof by means of a user device which is located at the proximal end of the catheter tube (1); the foremost clip (3) to be applied is pushed out of the distal end and opened by an actuation device. Said actuation device comprises an actuation element (21) which can be actuated by the user device, moved longitudinally into the catheter tube (1) and acts on the first front clip (3), as well as a control part (25) which converts the actuation force of said actuation element into an opening movement of the legs (5) of the clip (3).

Abstract: Method for producing a spindle nut of a ball screw, by provided the circumference of the nut with at least one through-opening for receiving a deflecting piece for balls of the ball screw. A hole punch arranged in the spindle nut and operable to punch out the through-opening from radially inward to radially outward through the casing of the spindle nut.

Abstract: An electrical tool includes a housing having inlet (7) and outlet (8) openings, a brushless electric motor (2) and an inverted rectifier (3) both arranged in the housing (9) between inlet (7) and outlet (8) openings in an air stream (5) of an air volume (6), and a link condensator (10) located in the housing (9) in the air stream (5), with the inverted rectifier (3) being arranged, in the air flow direction, downstream of the link condensator (10) and upstream of the electric motor (2).

Abstract: An electrical tool includes a housing having inlet (7) and outlet (8) openings, a brushless electric motor (2) and an inverted rectifier (3) both arranged in the housing (9) between inlet (7) and outlet (8) openings in an air stream (5) of an air volume (6), and a link condensator (10) located in the housing (9) in the air stream (5), with the inverted rectifier (3) being arranged, in the air flow direction, downstream of the link condensator (10) and upstream of the electric motor (2).

Abstract: A control method and a switching circuit for braking an electronically commutated electrical motor, wherein operation is in a phase period (T) of an inverter relative to at lest one winding, sequentially, both in a motoring mode and a generating operating mode using various cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) beginning with zero, such that the driving and braking torques associated with the cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) produce a resultant braking moment averaged over the phase period (T).

Abstract: A control method and a switching circuit for braking an electronically commutated electrical motor, wherein operation is in a phase period (T) of an inverter relative to at lest one winding, sequentially, both in a motoring mode and a generating operating mode using various cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) beginning with zero, such that the driving and braking torques associated with the cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) produce a resultant braking moment averaged over the phase period (T).

Abstract: A system and a method for positioning an autonomous mobile unit for docking, wherein a slot-shaped light beam which stands perpendicular to the drive surface of the unit is provided, which beam is emitted by a docking device, and position-sensitive detectors for this light beam are present on the unit, these being arranged parallel to the drive surface of the unit. With the aid of the light beam and of the detectors, the precise rotation (beta) of the unit relative to the docking device can be determined, whereby the unit learns its approximate configuration in space by means of ultrasound or odometry measurements. With this guidance, the unit can dock very precisely at a docking device in order to be able to take on goods or to drive into a garage, for example. Position-sensitive detectors, or photodiodes are provided as receptors for the light beam. The present invention preferably can be used in household robots or in industrial cleaning robots.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for docking autonomous mobile units. Travel maneuvers are specified with which constricted space conditions can be taken into consideration. Further, different motion paths are recited that are to be sequentially traversed in order to locate a guide beam and in order to be able to dock reliably and dependably at a docking device. Preferably, a slot-shaped guide beam residing perpendicular to a travel surface of the unit is provided, and position-sensitive detectors for this guide beam are present on the unit, these being arranged parallel to the travel surface of the unit. The exact rotation (beta) of the unit relative to the docking device can be identified on the basis of the guide beam and the detectors, whereby the unit knows its approximate configuration in the space on the basis of ultrasound and odometry measurements. The invention can particularly be utilized in household robots or industrial robots.

Abstract: The entry and the deletion of the degree of occupancy values in cellularly structured environment maps of autonomous mobile units is improved with the method. Dependent on the measuring directions of ultrasound sensors, different sectors in which the degrees of occupancy value are separately incremented are defined for each cell of the cellularly structured environment map. This has the advantage that an obstacle measured by different sensors only leads to an incrementation or a de-incrementation of the occupancy degree of a respective cell when this measurement ensued from the same measuring direction with respect to the cellularly structured environment map. Dynamic objects in the measurement area of the autonomous mobile unit can thus be more quickly deleted from the map and timeout measurements that have arisen due to reflections of echos do not lead to really existing objects being deleted from the map.

Abstract: A method of reducing feedback action on a timely flow of current, which is drawn by a load from a network via rectifier, by active filtering of upper harmonics, which are superimposed on a network first harmonic, with a power factor corrector circuit with a pulse-width modulation of a switch signal which influences the current drawn from the network and flowing through a boost-converter, with the method including dividing a current path between the rectifier (2) and the load (10) in a plurality of parallel channels (It, Jt), and providing in each channel (It, Jt) a similarly active filter, with switch signals of both active filters having a substantially same pulse-width modulation and being phase-sifted relative to each other so that a reduced ripple of the total current, which results form cumulative superimposition of currents in separate channels, is produced at a network input (9); and an active filter for effecting the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for heating hairdressing scissors, forming a unit (3) comprising openings (2, 2') which can be used as holders (7, 7') into which pairs of scissors (5, 5') can be inserted, and heating devices (6, 6'), each of the heating devices (6, 6') encircling the space into which the pair of scissors is to be inserted.

Abstract: With the improved path finding method a self-propelled mobile unit determines a path around obstacles. A heuristic avoidance strategy is used, whereby the mobile unit, when encountering an obstacle, first evades by taking a first direction and implements an avoidance procedure up to a limit value if it cannot move around the obstacle. Subsequently, the unit returns to the point of departure of the avoidance maneuver and attempts to evade in the other direction. If it is likewise not possible to move around the obstacle in this direction before the limit value is reached, the barrier for the deviation in the avoidance maneuver is incremented. The unit then again attempts to move around the obstacle, first in the original avoidance direction. The limit value is increased again after respectively two more abortive attempts. The procedure is implemented until a path around the obstacle has been found and the destination can be reached.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula of which, in exemplary compounds, the thienyl group is attached via the 2-position and; (a) A is 3?-(6?, 7?-epoxy)-tropanyl methobromide and R1 is 2-thienyl; (b) A is 3?-(6, 7dehydro)-tropanyl methobromide and R1 is 2-thienyl; (c) A is 3?-tropanyl methobromide and R1 is 2-thienyl; and, (d) A is 3?-(N-isopropyl)-nortropanyl methobromide and R1 is cyclopentyl. There are anticholinergics. Administered by inhalation, they are useful for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis or slight to moderately severe asthma. Administered by the intravenous or oral routes, they are useful for the treatment of vagally induced sinus bradycardia.