Abstract: A circular grinding machine wherein the upper side of the base for the reciprocable tool supporting unit slopes upwardly from the front side toward the rear side of the base. The headstock and a reciprocable tailstock are mounted at the front side of the base so as to support workpieces at a level above a collecting vessel for spent liquid coolant which is sprayed or otherwise guided against the workpiece during removal of material. The ways for the carriage of the tool supporting unit and the ways for the tailstock are covered by shrouds so that their temperature cannot be influenced by the coolant, and the workpiece which is held between the centers of the headstock and tailstock is located in front of the base so that the major percentage of liquid coolant which descends from the material removing station into the collecting vessel bypasses the base.

Abstract: A surface grinding machine wherein the spindle for grinding wheels is mounted on a slide which is reciprocable to and from a tool changing station. A transfer unit at the changing station has a head which is indexible on a base and has two aligned or crossing arms with discrete tool clamping mechanisms. Each clamping mechanism can accept a tool from the spindle in such orientation that the axis of the tool is horizontal, and the head is then indexed to change the orientation of the axis of the tool from horizontal to vertical before the tool is deposited in a selected carrier of a depository for tools. The depository is movable relative to the tool changing station to place a selected carrier into proper position for reception of a tool or for removal of a tool therefrom and/or to move the depository to and from a magazine for tools.

Abstract: A piston machine, particularly a hydraulically-actuated piston machine, comprises at least one cylinder having an axis, a piston axially slidable in the cylinder and having a piston bottom with an inner surface, a piston rod turnably connected with the piston and having a piston rod shaft, a turning member mounted on the piston rod and having a side which is opposite to the piston rod shaft and has a convex circular surface, a pressing member having a shell surface which is in sliding contact with the circular surface of the turning member, the pressing member having a side which is opposite to the turning member and is provided with a convex circular surface abutting against the inner surface of the piston bottom, the circular surface of the pressing member and one of the circular surfaces of the turning member and the shell surface of the pressing member having central axes with central axes projections along their common orthogonals forming an angle of approximately 90.degree..

Abstract: A surface grinding machine wherein the turret for two grinding tools is indexible with reference to a support by disengaging the surfaces of its two coaxial sections from opposite sides of an annular component of the support. This is effected by cylinder and piston units which move one of the sections axially of any away from the other section before moving the other section away from the annular component. The one section carries one portion of a first bearing which engages the other portion of such bearing on the support when the one section is disengaged from the annular component. The other section carries one portion of a second bearing which engages another portion of the second bearing on the support in response to disengagement of the other section from the annular component. The turret is then indexible to a different position before the cylinder and piston units effect of allow a return movement of the two sections of the turret into frictional engagement with the annular component.

Abstract: A plain grinding machine wherein a grinding unit with a spindle for grinding wheels is reciprocable along the bed and is indexible about a vertical axis to transfer work holders between one or more indexible turrets or a magazine and a socket which is reciprocably mounted on the bed. The spindle of the grinding unit can further carry and rotate a clamping device for a workpiece to be treated by the internal grinding wheel of a holder which is separably secured to the socket. The clamping device can be stored in a second magazine which further serves for storage of one or more tool holders or tools. The grinding unit, the socket and each holder has clamping elements which can separably secure a holder to the socket, to the magazine or to the grinding unit. The control unit of the grinding machine transmits signals for actuation of the grinding unit when the latter is used as a manipulator to transfer holders between the socket and a turret or between the second magazine and the spindle.

Abstract: The tailstock of a universal grinding machine has a lower part which is affixed to the frame at a level below the indexible head for a set of grinding spindles, and an upper part which supports one or more dead centers and is indexible relative to the lower part about a horizontal axis extending at right angles to the axis or axes of the center or centers. The upper part of the tailstock has several facets and the number of such facets exceeds the number of dead centers by at least one. Each center is mounted on a discrete facet and the unoccupied facet is indexed to a position below the material removing station of the grinding machine when the head is to be indexed whereby the center or centers on the upper part of the tailstock cannot interfere with movements of the selected grinding wheel to and from the material removing station.