Abstract: Apparatus for treating composite elements for the recovery of valuable substances therefrom, including providing a flow path for a transport fluid carrying solid particles from the composite elements, an array of mutually successive acceleration tools which are moved relative to a stator and which each form in the flow direction a break-away edge for producing turbulence from the transport fluid and its solid particle load, wherein the accretion tools are arranged at a spacing relative to each other on a structural circle in a plurality of mutually superposed acceleration planes above a housing bottom on plates about a central shaft of a rotor and within a cylindrical wall of a housing as said stator.

Abstract: In a process for treating composite elements of solid organic and/or inorganic composite materials-such as composites of metal/metal, plastic/plastic, metal/plastic or mineral composites with metals and/or plastic materials-solid particles are produced from the composite elements and they are added to a transport fluid, wherein at least one flow obstacle which crosses the flow of the mixture of solid particles and transport fluid is moved relative to said flow as a flow-breakaway edge for forming eddies which acceleratingly break up the mixture. The mixture is fed to the separation or break-up procedure at the flow-breakaway edge or edges with an acceleration of 20 to 25 m/sec.sup.2 and the composite element is preferably crushed prior to the separation or break-up procedure.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for punching a waste bundle from a stack of bags, especially to form a peripherally-closed hole in the stack as in the production of so-called tie bags, wherein with the lowering of the upper press tool, the waste bundle is cut from the stack of bags lying in a cutting plane pressed into a recess below the cutting plane. The stack is then laterally removed in the plane and an ejector below the plane lifts the waste bundle back into the plane so that it can be swept laterally onto a chute which carries off the waste.

Abstract: A device for improving the winter road holding properties of automobiles is disclosed, which includes anti-skid members arranged in grooves in tire treads so as to surround lugs of the tread. A long working life of the anti-skid members may be attained if means are provided for moving the anti-skid members between non-retracted settings and retracted positions in which the anti-skid members are in the grooves.

Abstract: In the production of moldings from ceramic material with embedded reinforcement a high surface quality and a systematic improvement of strength and toughness may be achieved if the reinforcement is in the form of a stiff, three-dimensional supporting skeleton (13) with a geometry adapted to the molding geometry and which prior to filling of the mold cavity with ceramic material is fixed in the mold cavity with the aid of a holding bar (9) and has a structure which is formed by reinforced C-fiber mats and which is pervious to ceramic material introduced into the mold cavity by abrupt evacuation thereof.

Abstract: A turning indicator for indicating the turning direction and the turning speed of course changes of a ship or an aircraft, in which an electromotor is movably mounted between two supports of a carrier. An axle of the carrier is fixedly connected with the upper end of a leaf spring, the lower end of which is loosely guided. A measuring bridge is mounted on the leaf spring which is connected to an indicating device via an amplifier circuit. The measuring bridge can be supplied with direct current and the starting signal of the measuring bridge is also in the form of direct current which is positive or negative depending on the direction of deflection of the leaf spring, and thus indicates a measure of the turning direction, whereas the magnitude of the deflection of the leaf spring is a measure of the intensity of the starting signal and thus a measure of the turning speed.