Abstract: A process to manufacture 4-methoxybenzoic acid from anethole. This raw material can be obtained from a variety of plant materials and thus offers a renewable alternative to fossil raw materials. Another aspect of the present invention is the use of 4-methoxybenzoic acid gained from vegetal anethole as raw material in cosmetic and dermatologic products and/or aroma components in foodstuffs.

Abstract: A process to manufacture 4-methoxybenzoic acid from anethole. This raw material can be obtained from a variety of plant materials and thus offers a renewable alternative to fossil raw materials. Another aspect of the present invention is the use of 4-methoxybenzoic acid gained from vegetal anethole as raw material in cosmetic and dermatologic products and/or aroma components in foodstuffs.

Abstract: Nitric acid is widely used for oxidizing purposes, e.g. for dissolving (precious) metals and for oxidation reactions of organic compounds. It is proposed to suppress the generation and emission of nitrogen oxides, the products of the reduction of nitric acid, by introducing ozone charged gas into the reaction medium. A suitable reactor arrangement (1) comprises an ozone containing gas supply unit (5) connected by a conduit (33) to a reactor (3). Preferably, the conduit (33) ends below the surface (15) of the reaction medium (17).

Abstract: A process for transforming organic carbon into removable carbonate and oxalate in Bayer process liquor, including decoloration is provided involving the steps of contacting an ozone-oxygen mixture with a Bayer process liquor, reducing the foam formed by the Bayer process liquor, controlling the temperature of the Bayer process liquor, and eliminating excess ozone in the offgas of the ozonation step, thereby reducing organic impurities in the Bayer process liquor.

Abstract: A ground anchor comprises a threaded portion, a head portion and a spreading means.

Abstract: The tension in the rewound thread is modified in programmed manner as a function of the residual thread length still on a copy, the residual thread length being determined from the difference between the total thread length on the copy and the thread length already unwound from the cop. The total thread length on a cop is calculated from the weight of the thread and a calculation factor length per thread weight. For this purpose, the apparatus for performing the method has a weighing cell, which is connected to the control unit of the rewinding means. During the complete rewinding process, the rewinding speed can be kept close to the limit beyond which thread breaks increasingly occur.