Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper web or paperboard web, with which at least one property of the fibrous web, in particular a CD (cross direction) profile, such as the moisture CD profile, is established such that a preselected quality range is adhered to or a predefined quality value is undershot by no more than a predefined deviation, wherein the power consumption of the method, in particular the heat energy input, is reduced therewith by establishing at least one property such that the lowest permissible value of the quality range or the maximum permissible deviation is reached at least approximately on a straight line.

Abstract: A method for detecting at least one value at least indirectly characterizing the properties of a surface in a material web treatment device. The method includes the steps of illuminating the surface at least at two measuring points with at least one emission source, simultaneously detecting at least one value at least indirectly characterizing a reflectivity of the surface at said each of the at least two measuring points with a detector device and evaluating the reflectivity.

Abstract: A process to measure at least one qualitative measure of a moving fibrous web. The fibrous web being a web of paper or cardboard. The process including the steps of influencing, evaluating and determining. The influencing step includes the influencing of at least one microwave resonator by the fibrous web. The evaluating step including the evaluating of at least one resonance curve of the at least one microwave resonator. The determining step including the determining of at least one quality measure of the fibrous web dependent upon results of the evaluating step.

Abstract: Machine for producing a web includes a system for predefining a quantity of a grade to be produced utilizing a measuring arrangement for measuring quality data during production of the web. The system defines the quantity of the grade to be produced by using data measured by the measuring arrangement during the production of the web.

Abstract: A system for the computer-aided measurement of quality and/or process data during the production and/or conversion of a material web, in particular paper or board web, by way of correlation with raw measured data. The raw measured data is present in the form of other quality and process data during the production or conversion process. Measurements of quality parameters in the laboratory may also be incorporated in the raw measured data. The raw measured data is combined to form data sets which in each case are determined simultaneously. Specific laboratory or quality measurements are selected as target data which, by way of at least one soft-sensor algorithm running in a computer-based operation and linking unit, can be calculated from the other data serving as input data, and each data set containing measured data, which relates approximately to the same monitored volume of web and raw material, in particular paper and paper raw material.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining the permeability of a circulating band, in particular a water-absorbing dewatering band in a papermaking machine. The apparatus is equipped with a nozzle from which a measuring fluid flows onto or through the band. Fluctuations in the flow of the measuring fluid and in the nozzle exit pressure can distort the measurement of the permeability. The apparatus has a device for determining the speed of the band and/or a device for determining the nozzle exit speed and the nozzle exit pressure of the measuring fluid. These three measured variables are measured simultaneously, so that a fluctuation in one of these measured variables cannot impair the accuracy of the permeability measurement.

Abstract: A marking unit having a writing device that marks a material web which can be wound up onto a core by a winding device to form a reel, the marking device having a signal generator that is operatively connected to the core of the winding device. Depending on the rotation of the core, the signal generator outputs a clock signal to the writing device for marking the material web.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling at least one quality feature of a running material web, in particular a fibrous web, during its production, including a measurement system, an electronic control and/or an evaluation unit. The measurement system measures the quality feature on a running material web repeatedly over the entire width of the material web. The electronic control and/or evaluation unit determines the variability of the quality feature through a variance component analysis, which is conducted on the basis of the profile measure values of a measured value set including several consecutive CD profiles in the machine direction, the set having been recorded during a selectable previous time window. The result of this variance component analysis is also drawn on to control the quality feature.

Abstract: A method for determining the basis weight of a first ply of a fibrous web, which covers a second ply of the fibrous web including the steps of positioning an electromagnetic transmitter and an electromagnetic receiver, radiating the fibrous web, receiving a measuring signal and a reference signal, and determining the basis weight. The positioning an electromagnetic transmitter and an electromagnetic receiver step includes positioning them proximate to a side of the first ply. The radiating the fibrous web step is accomplished by the electromagnetic transmitter radiating the fibrous web with at least one measuring wavelength and at least one reference wavelength, the second ply having different optical characteristics at the measuring wavelength than at the reference wavelength. The receiver receives a measuring signal, which is returned at the measuring wavelength and the receiver receives a reference signal that is returned at the reference wavelength.

Abstract: A device for measuring the thickness of a sheet or web product including at least one moveable measuring sensor which can be pressed against the product while forming an air pad between measuring sensor and product. At least one measuring sensor is respectively provided on both sides of the sheet or web product. The thickness of the respective air pad can be measured, the total gap thickness including the thickness of the two air pads and the product thickness can be measured. Elements are provided for calculating the product thickness by subtracting the thickness of the air pad on the two product sides from the measured total gap thickness.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for monitoring the condition of a rotating belt in a paper or cardboard machine. The process includes recording data related to a condition of the belt, and creating an at least two-dimensional image of the belt condition from the recorded condition data. The image depicts a condition characteristic in a machine travel direction and a condition characteristic in a machine crosswise direction. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the permeability of a circulating band, in particular of a dewatering band in a papermaking machine, having a nozzle from which a measuring fluid flows onto the band. In order to avoid undesired lifting of the nozzle off the band due to pressure peaks, the apparatus according to the present invention has a nozzle which can be pressed onto the circulating band with a constant contact pressure.

Abstract: Sensor and process for measuring mass of water on a sheet forming fabric. The sensor includes a microwave element positionable to couple an electromagnetic field into a stock layer to be measured, and a microwave signal generator coupled to the microwave element to generate, in the microwave element, a microwave signal having a frequency lower than a relaxation frequency of water. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A device for measuring at least one property of a material web, in particular a paper or board web, includes movable measuring probes provided on both sides of the web, which can be pressed against the web with preferably at least substantially equal force, forming a respective air pad, elements for measuring the air pads, in particular the air pad thickness, on both sides, and at least one property sensor, in particular a paper property sensor, fitted to a measuring probe supported by an air pad.

Abstract: Device and process for measuring mass per unit area of sheet products and/or density of material in a pipe. The device includes a microwave element positionable to couple a high frequency electromagnetic field into a sheet to be measured, and a microwave signal generator coupled to the microwave element to generate at least one operating frequency having a frequency substantially higher than a relaxation frequency of water in said microwave element. A device for measuring an effect of the sheet on the high frequency electromagnetic field is provided, as is a device for calculating mass per unit area based upon the measured effect of the sheet on the high frequency electromagnetic field. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes at least one sensor which is provided on a measuring frame, which can be positioned opposite moving clothing or a device. The devices being, for example, a roll, of a machine for producing and/or treating a material web, in particular a paper or board web. The measuring frame is pressed against the clothing or device by at least one pivoting lever and is connected to the pivoting lever by a cardan joint.

Abstract: Machine for producing a web includes a system for predefining a quantity of a grade to be produced utilizing a measuring arrangement for measuring quality data during production of the web. The system defines the quantity of the grade to be produced by using data measured by the measuring arrangement during the production of the web. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: Machine for a web having at least one marking device structured and arranged to apply at least two markings at a distance from one another in a longitudinal direction to the web. At least one measuring device is arranged downstream, relative to a web run direction, of the at least one marking device. The at least one measuring device is structured and arranged to measure the distance between the markings. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A method of determining at least one property of moving clothing of a machine for producing and/or treating a material web, in particular a paper or board web, which includes the following steps: arranging a nozzle opposite the surface of the moving clothing; producing a jet acting on the clothing by way of the nozzle contacting the moving clothing; measuring a variable representative of the flow through the nozzle; measuring a variable representative of the pressure of the jet at the nozzle outlet; determining the speed of the jet at the nozzle outlet from the nozzle flow and the free surface of the jet medium at the point of contact with the clothing; and determining the speed of the jet at the entry into the clothing from the speed of the jet at the nozzle outlet and the speed of the clothing.

Abstract: A marking unit having a writing device that marks a material web which can be wound up onto a core by a winding device to form a reel, the marking device having a signal generator that is operatively connected to the core of the winding device. Depending on the rotation of the core, the signal generator outputs a clock signal to the writing device for marking the material web.