Abstract: A method for generating an electric control signal driving apparatus to produce a topological structure on a workpiece, in particular to produce a leather structure. Initially, at least, two different signal components are generated and the control signal is then formed by their addition. One signal component may correspond to a fine structure and another for instance to a coarse structure or to a line structure. In this manner, the portions of the structure can be determined and processed one at a time to imitate a natural leather surface.

Abstract: Therefore, the object of the invention is to utilize the unused channel capacity of the television channel even more optimally for additional signals. Both on the transmitting, as well as the receiving side, the clock pulses for video and audio data to be additionally transmitted are generated from the FBAS useful signal by counting, weighting and decision-making, both signals being separately digitized, buffered, and compressed before being superimposed upon on the useful video signal. Subsequent to the same clock pulse generation, the steps follow in the reverse order on the receiver side. The implementation can be carried out on the transmitter side using additional equipment, on the receiver side by computer software or additional devices installed in the conventional TV set. The application can be carried out for any additional video and sound signals. A preferred special application is a community picture broadcast similar to a slide presentation.

Abstract: To make a velour needle felt, an optionally pre-needled staple fiber non-woven web is applied to a revolving brushlike support and is then needled to form a pile on the side which faces the support. To increase the resistance of the velour needle felt to distortion, it is proposed that a layer which has a higher resistance to distortion than the staple fiber non-woven web and consists particularly of a spun-bonded web is applied to the brushlike support before the staple fiber non-woven web is applied thereto and that the pile fibers are pulled in the needling operation through the layer which has the higher resistance to distortion.

Abstract: A reel-to-reel web (tape) transport apparatus which has no tape length buffering between the supply and take-up reels. The tape follows a fixed length path from the supply reel, past a read/write head and guides, to a take-up reel. A two motor control mechanism is employed in which one motor drives the take-up reel and one motor drives the supply reel to maintain the appropriate tension and tape motion at the read/write head. The control mechanism is adaptive to dynamic changes as the tape is moved from the supply reel to the take-up reel. Three quantities are monitored: lineal tape position and the angular reel displacement of the supply and take-up reel. From these quantities reel radii are derived, tape inertia calculated and the velocity or position error is determined. A motor current algorithm is utilized to generate the appropriate torque for each reel to drive the control error to zero along a predetermined profile with negligible tape tension disturbances.