Abstract: A catheter configured to deliver energy circumferentially around an anatomical lumen in which the catheter is positioned. The catheter includes an elongate structure configured to transform between a low-profile delivery state and a radially expanded deployed state. The elongate structure mechanically supports one or more electrodes configured to emit energy and includes an outer jacket comprising a polymer. The catheter defines a material boundary adjoining the outer jacket and at least one electrode to enable a mechanical adhesion between the polymer of the outer jacket and the electrode. In examples, the polymer intrudes into one or more volumes defined by asperities in a surface of the electrode to enable the mechanical adhesion. In examples, material boundary is formed by reflowing the polymer.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, devices, compositions, and kits for monitoring neuromodulation efficacy based on changes in the level or activity of one or more target biomarkers.