Abstract: Composition and method for enhancing therapeutic effects of topically applied agents are disclosed. The cosmetic or therapeutic composition may include one or more of cosmetic or pharmaceutical agents present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 40 percent and one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acids or related compounds present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 99 percent by weight of the total composition. The cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents may include but not limited to age spots, wrinkles and keratoses removing agents; vitamins; aloes; sun screens; tanning, depigmenting and shampooing agents; antiyeasts; antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral agents; topical bronchial dilators and topical cardiovascular agents; hormonal agents; vasodilators; retinoids and other dermatological agents. The hydroxycarboxylic acids and related compounds include organic alpha and beta hydroxycarboxylic acids, alpha and beta ketocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: Preventive as well as therapeutic treatment to alleviate cosmetic conditions and symptoms of dermatologic disorders with amphoteric compositions containing alpha hydroxyacids, alpha ketoacids, related compounds or polymeric forms of hydroxyacids is disclosed. The cosmetic conditions and the dermatologic disorders in which the amphoteric compositions and the polymeric compounds may be useful include dry skin, dandruff, acne, keratoses, psoriasis, eczema, pruritus, age spots, lentigines, melasmas, wrinkles, warts, blemished skin, hyperpigmented skin, kyperkeratotic skin, inflammatory dermatoses, skin changes associated with aging, and skin requiring cleansers.

Abstract: Preventive as well as therapeutic treatment to alleviate cosmetic conditions and symptoms of dermatologic disorders with amphoteric compositions containing alpha hydroxyacids, alpha ketoacids, related compounds or polymeric forms of hydroxyacids is disclosed. The cosmetic conditions and the dermatologic disorders in which the amphoteric compositions and the polymeric compounds may be useful include dry skin, dandruff, acne, keratoses, psoriasis, eczema, pruritus, age spots, lentigines, melasmas, wrinkles, warts, blemished skin, hyperpigmented skin, kyperkeratotic skin, inflammatory dermatoses, skin changes associated with aging, and skin requiring cleansers.

Abstract: Preventive as wall as therapeutic treatment to alleviate cosmetic conditions and symptoms of dermatologic disorders with amphoteric compositions containing alpha hydroxyacids, alpha ketoacids, related compounds or polymeric forms of hydroxyacids is disclosed. The cosmetic conditions and the dermatologic disorders in which the amphoteric compositions and the polymeric compounds may be useful include dry skin, dandruff, acne, keratoses, psoriasis, eczema, pruritus, age spots, lentigines, melasmas, wrinkles, warts, blemished skin, hyperpigmented skin, kyperkeratotic skin, inflammatory dermatoses, skin changes associated with aging, and skin requiring cleansers.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an alpha hydroxyacid or related acid and organic complexing agent having a molecular weight ranging preferably between about 100 and about 600 can form a control-release molecular complex. Such complexing agent preferably possesses one or more amino group in addition to other groups with unshared electrons such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, ester and alkoxyl groups in the same molecule. Such functional groups are capable of forming multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of a free alpha hydroxyacid or related acid. The complexing agents include amino acid esters, non-amphoteric amino acid amides, aminosaccharides, aminoalditols and aminocyclitols.

Abstract: Therapeutic treatment as well as prophylactic measures are provided by topical application of compositions containing an aryl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid to eradicate or prevent the development of axillary foul odor, foot malodor and other body odors, e.g. scalp, and skin, nail and follicular infections caused by microorganisms. The compositions are antimicrobial against several organisms that infect the skin and are specifically effective against P. acnes. The compositions are therapeutically effective against folliculitis and perifolliculitis and are useful for other skin lesions, nail and mucosal infections such as impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, erythrasma and trichomycosis axillaris, associated with or caused by microorganisms. The therapeutic effect of the composition may be synergized or amplified by it incorporating a cosmetic or dermatologic agent into the formulation for topical treatment of cosmetic and dermatologic indications.

Abstract: Composition and method for enhancing therapeutic effects of topically applied agents are disclosed. The cosmetic or therapeutic composition may include one or more of cosmetic or pharmaceutical agents present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 40 percent and one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acids or related compounds present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 99 percent by weight of the total composition. The cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents may include but not limited to age spots, wrinkles and keratoses removing agents; vitamins; aloes; sun screens; tanning, depigmenting and shampooing agents; antiyeasts; antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral agents; topical bronchial dilators and topical cardiovascular agents; hormonal agents; vasodilators; retinoids and other dermatological agents. The hydroxycarboxylic acids and related compounds include organic alpha and beta hydroxycarboxylic acids, alpha and beta ketocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: Uses of topical compositions comprising a 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid or related compound to alleviate or improve signs of skin, nail and hair changes associated with intrinsic or extrinsic aging are disclosed. 2-Hydroxycarboxylic acids and their related compounds include, for example, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, 2-methyl 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, 2-phenyl 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, 2-phenyl 2-methyl 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, 2-phenyl 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, 2,2-diphenyl 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, 2-hydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid, 2,3-hihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid, 2-carboxy 2-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid, 2-ketopropanoic acid, methyl 2-ketopropanoate, ethyl 2-ketopropanoate, and gluconolactone.

Abstract: A method and circuit for optimally controlling memory array bit line precharge timing to increase memory frequency of operation by generating a precharge output (110) for memory array bit lines in response to the earliest asserted control input among precharge control inputs. A write precharge signal (218) early enables a write precharge operation by enabling the precharge signal (110) a delayed period after an enabling falling dock edge of clock (104), as indicated by a write precharge enable signal (210), and during a write cycle, as indicated by a write precharge trigger (212). Thereafter, a default precharge trigger (216) is enabled to ensure that write precharging operation continues for an extended and optimal duration. A read precharge trigger (214) enables precharging after a read operation by enabling the precharge signal (110) in close proximity to the disabling of read sense amplifiers within the memory array to enhance post-read precharging.

Abstract: Methods for visibly reducing a skin wrinkle and for reversing the effect of aging on human facial skin involving comprising topically applying to the wrinkle and/or affected facial skin ethyl pyruvate.

Abstract: Therapeutic treatment as well as prophylactic measures are provided by topical application of compositions containing an aryl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid to eradicate or prevent the development of axillary foul odor, foot malodor and other body odors, e.g. scalp, and skin, nail and follicular infections caused by microorganisms. The compositions are antimicrobial against several organisms that infect the skin and are specifically effective against P. acnes. The compositions are therapeutically effective against folliculitis and perifolliculitis and are useful for other skin lesions, nail and mucosal infections such as impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, erythrasma and trichomycosis axillaris, associated with or caused by microorganisms. The therapeutic effect of the composition may be synergized or amplified by incorporating a cosmetic or dermatologic agent into the formulation for topical treatment of cosmetic and dermatologic indications.

Abstract: Accurate delay testing of integrated circuits containing memory arrays embedded in combinational logic utilizes actual memory array timing. Actual memory timing signals provide the timing for bypassing the memory in SCAN Mode. The result is that simulated memory accesses during SCAN Mode testing have the same timing as actual memory accesses have during functional mode operation. Thus delay testing during SCAN Mode through paths containing both combinational logic and memory arrays accurately determines path delays.

Abstract: Circuitry (20) and an associated an method of operation provides system data (30) and scan data (32) to a latch portion (42) of a data storage element in a reduced setup time period. For each data storage element, a system data transfer gate (22) provides system data (30) to a master latch portion (42) while a scan data transfer gate (24) provides scan data (32) to the master latch portion (42). The scan data (24) and system data transfer (22) gates minimize the set-up time required for data entering the data storage element. Scan chains incorporating the data storage elements include scan data input ports and scan data output ports as well as connections between data storage elements in an associated scan chain. A controller (26) operated by a scan enable signal (38) and a system clock (40) provide control signals to the system data transfer gate (22) and the scan data transfer gate (24) to cause the gates to selectively pass data.

Abstract: Methods for visibly reducing a skin wrinkle and for reversing the effect of aging on human facial skin involving comprising topically applying to the wrinkle and/or affected facial skin mucic acid or mucolactone.

Abstract: Preventive as well as therapeutic treatment to alleviate cosmetic conditions and symptoms of dermatologic disorders with amphoteric compositions containing alpha hydroxyacids, alpha ketoacids, related compounds or polymeric forms of hydroxyacids is disclosed. The cosmetic conditions and the dermatologic disorders in which the amphoteric compositions and the polymeric compounds may be useful include dry skin, dandruff, ache, keratoses, psoriasis, eczema, pruritus, age spots, lentigines, melasmas, wrinkles, warts, blemished skin, hyperpigmented skin, kyperkeratotic skin, inflammatory dermatoses, skin changes associated with aging, and skin requiring cleansers.

Abstract: Compositions for improved topical delivery of lactic acid comprising lactic acid and an amphoteric or pseudoamphoteric agent.

Abstract: Composition and method for enhancing therapeutic effects of topically applied agents are disclosed. The cosmetic or therapeutic composition may include one or more of cosmetic or pharmaceutical agents present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 40 percent and one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acids or related compounds present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 99 percent by weight of the total composition. The cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents may include but not limited to age spots, wrinkles and keratoses removing agents; vitamins; aloes; sun screens; tanning, depigmenting and shampooing agents; antiyeasts; antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral agents; topical bronchial dilators and topical cardiovascular agents; hormonal agents; vasodilators; retinoids and other dermatological agents. The hydroxycarboxylic acids and related compounds include organic alpha and beta hydroxycarboxylic acids, alpha and beta ketocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: Alpha hydroxyacid esters and related compounds on topical application induced increased skin thickness due to new biosyntheses of dermal components including glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, collagen and elastin. Such dermal effects are desirable and beneficial for topical use and treatment of aging related integumental changes including age spots, skin lines, wrinkles, photoaging and aging skin.

Abstract: Methods for improved topical delivery of lactic acid comprising forming a topically acceptable composition by admixing lactic acid and an amphoteric or pseudoamphoteric agent, and applying said topically acceptable composition to the skin.

Abstract: Methods for improved topical delivery of an alpha hydroxyacid, alpha ketoacid or related compound.