Abstract: A first communication device transmits a plurality of training signals to a second communication device via a communication channel. The first communication device receives feedback generated at the second communication device based on the plurality of training signals. The feedback includes steering matrix information for a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) tones and (ii) additional phase information corresponding to channel estimates obtained for the plurality of OFDM tone. The first communication device constructs, based on the steering matrix information, a plurality of steering matrices corresponding to the plurality of OFDM tones, and compensates, using the additional phase information, the plurality of steering matrices to reduce phase discontinuities between the OFDM tones. The first communication device steers, using the compensated steering matrices, at least one transmission via the communication channel to the second communication device.

Abstract: A boundary within a last orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of a PHY data unit is determined. Pre-encoder padding bits are added to a set of information bits to generate a set of padded information bits such that the set of padded information bits, after being encoded, fill one or more OFDM symbols up to the boundary within the last OFDM symbol. The set of padded information bits are encoded to generate a set of coded bits. A PHY preamble is generated to include a subfield that indicates the boundary. The one or more OFDM symbols are generated to include (i) the set of coded information bits in the one or more OFDM symbols up to the boundary to allow a receiving device to stop decoding the one or more OFDM symbols at the boundary, and (ii) post-encoder padding bits in the last OFDM symbol following the boundary.

Abstract: A method for communication over a wireless interface between transceivers that are moving with respect to each other. The method includes transmitting, by a communication station (STA) in a moving vehicle over a wireless channel to a receiver outside the vehicle, a sequence of data symbols encoded in accordance with a frequency-domain multiplexing scheme extending over a range of sub-carrier tones. A condition affecting the wireless channel is evaluated. Responsively to the evaluated condition, a pilot scheme is selected from among a plurality of available pilot schemes, for interleaving of pilot signals in specified sub-carrier tones of the data symbols. An indication of the selected pilot scheme is exchanged between the STA and the receiver. The pilot signals are interleaved in the transmitted data symbols in accordance with the selected pilot scheme.

Abstract: A system includes a modulator to modulate data using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation and dual sub-carrier modulation to generate modulated symbols for transmission on a plurality of subcarriers. A repetition module repeats the modulated symbols from a first half of the plurality of subcarriers to a second half of the plurality of subcarriers. A phase rotation module rotates phase of the modulated symbols on selected subcarriers of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers. The selected subcarriers include all of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers. The phase rotation module rotates the phase of the modulated symbols on all of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers to conjugate the modulated symbols on all of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers relative to corresponding modulated symbols on all of the first half of the plurality of subcarriers.

Abstract: A first communication device generates a first portion and a second portion of a wakeup radio (WUR) wakeup packet. The first portion of the WUR wakeup packet corresponds to a wireless local area network (WLAN) legacy preamble, and spans a first frequency bandwidth. The second portion of the WUR wakeup packet spans a second bandwidth that is less than the first bandwidth, and is configured to cause a WUR of a second communication device to cause a WLAN network interface device of the second communication device to transition from a low power state to the active state. Generating the second portion of the WUR wakeup packet includes i) generating a sync portion having a plurality of sync symbols, and ii) generating a wakeup packet body. The first communication device transmits the WUR wakeup packet.

Abstract: A wireless communication device comprising processor electronics configured to select a channel bonding mode from a plurality of channel bonding modes. Each of the plurality of channel bonding modes indicates at least two wireless communication channels and at least one of the plurality of channel bonding modes corresponds to a mode that indicates a punctured wireless communication channel. The processor electronics are further configured to generate a frame to be transmitted from the wireless communication device in accordance with the selected channel bonding mode. The frame includes a preamble portion and a data portion and the preamble portion includes a first preamble field that identifies the selected channel bonding mode. Transceiver electronics are configured to transmit the frame on the wireless communication channels indicated by the selected channel bonding mode identified in the first preamble field.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a method for transmitting a wake-up radio packet to low power devices in a wireless local area network. At a wireless access point having a plurality of antennas, data for transmission to one or more lower power wireless devices are received. A wake-up radio packet, including a wake-up data frame, is configured for transmission to the one or more lower power wireless devices. A waveform for transmitting the wake-up radio packet is generated. At each of the plurality of antennas, the waveform is adjusted with spatial mapping to prevent unintentional spatial nulling of the waveform during transmission of the wake-up radio packet. The wake-up radio packet is transmitted, via the plurality of antennas, in a form of the adjusted waveform to the one or more lower power wireless devices prior to transmitting the received data to the one or more lower power wireless devices.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein provide a system for transmitting data on an MIMO channel using a STBC. The system comprises a wireless transmitter. The wireless transmitter obtains plurality of data symbols to transmit, and performs data padding for the plurality of data symbols based on a non-STBC manner. The wireless transmitter further calculates a number of bits per data symbol after the data padding and pre-codes a data symbol from the plurality of data symbols based on available channel information when the number of data symbols is an odd number. The wireless transmitter generates an STBC based on the pre-coded data symbols, and transmits the generated STBC to the MIMO channel.

Abstract: A communication device generates a first portion of a physical layer (PHY) preamble of a PHY data unit to include a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Each OFDM symbol of the first plurality of OFDM symbols is generated with a first OFDM tone spacing. The communication device generate a second portion of the PHY preamble to include a second plurality of OFDM symbols. Each OFDM symbol of the second plurality of OFDM symbols is generated with a second OFDM tone spacing that is a fraction 1/N of the first OFDM tone spacing, where N is a positive integer greater than one. The communication device generates a PHY data portion of the PHY data unit to include one or more third OFDM symbols. Each third OFDM symbol is generated with the second OFDM tone spacing.

Abstract: A reflection-mode multispectral photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) system and related method is disclosed, based on an optical-acoustic objective in communication with an ultrasonic transducer. In some embodiments of the disclosed technology, when aligned and positioned in a predetermined manner, little to no chromatic aberration is provided, and with convenient confocal alignment of the optical excitation and acoustic detection.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air conditioner heat-radiating circulation system, comprising a compressor (1). A discharge pipe of the compressor (1) is connected to a four-way reversing valve (2), which is connected to an outdoor heat exchanger (4) that is connected to an indoor heat exchanger (10) via an electronic expansion valve (11), the indoor heat exchanger (10) is connected to a stop value (3) that is connected to a gas suction pipe of the compressor (1) via the four-way reversing valve (2), the gas suction pipe is provided with a refrigerating circulation branch, which includes a branch electromagnetic valve (5) that is connected to a flat tube micro-channel aluminum-based radiator (6) with a temperature sensor (8); the gas suction pipe is further provided with a gas suction electromagnetic valve (7) that is connected in parallel to the branch electromagnetic valve (5).

Abstract: A communication device generates a first portion of a physical layer (PHY) preamble of a PHY data unit to include a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Each OFDM symbol of the first plurality of OFDM symbols is generated with a first OFDM tone spacing. The communication device generate a second portion of the PHY preamble to include a second plurality of OFDM symbols. Each OFDM symbol of the second plurality of OFDM symbols is generated with a second OFDM tone spacing that is a fraction 1/N of the first OFDM tone spacing, where N is a positive integer greater than one. The communication device generates a PHY data portion of the PHY data unit to include one or more third OFDM symbols. Each third OFDM symbol is generated with the second OFDM tone spacing.

Abstract: A method of identifying information during navigation is provided. Fork data is extracted from navigation data, the fork data corresponding to a road having a fork. A first node and at least two exit roads are extracted from the fork data, the at least two exit roads being roads in different directions. The fork data are identified as corresponding to a target fork in response to all of the at least two exit roads converging at the first node. A second node adjacent to the first node is queried in response to at least two exit roads not completely converging at the first node. The fork data are identified as corresponding to the target fork based on a distance between the first node and the second node meeting a preset condition.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods described herein provide a method for padding a signal extension of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. A transceiver may obtain a plurality of data symbols for transmission, and determine that a number of information bits for a last symbol of the plurality of data symbols is not an integer value. A special padding rule may be applied to add padding bits to the last symbol. A number of coded bits for the last symbol may be determined when the number of information bits for the last symbol has changed, and the plurality of data symbols for data transmission may be encoded based on the determined number of coded bits for the last symbol.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed herein for aligning HE-LTFs corresponding to a plurality of users by determining a respective number of spatial streams corresponding to each user, determining a highest respective number of spatial streams of the spatial streams, and setting an alignment number of HE-LTF symbols to be equal to or larger than the highest respective number of spatial streams. For each respective user, a respective matrix of HE-LTF symbols corresponding to the respective number of spatial streams of the respective user is selected, and it is determined whether the respective matrix of HE-LTF symbols has fewer symbols than the alignment number. In response to determining that the respective matrix of HE-LTF symbols has fewer symbols than the alignment number, padding symbols may be added to the respective matrix to yield a number of HE-LTF symbols in the respective matrix that corresponds to the alignment number.

Abstract: Systems and techniques relating to wireless communications are described. A transmitter for a wireless local area network (WLAN) identifies a channel bonding mode out of a number of channel bonding modes. The channel bonding mode includes two or more available channels used by the transmitter for data transmission in the WLAN, and the two or more available channels indicating at least one busy channel not used by the transmitter for data transmission. The channel bonding mode is signaled to a receiver using a bandwidth field of a legacy signal field that is duplicated across respective channels used in the WLAN, the legacy signal field being in a preamble portion of a frame. The frame is transmitted to the receiver, wherein the frame includes a data portion of the frame that occupies the two or more available channels according to the channel bonding mode.

Abstract: In a method for wireless communication, a communication device selects a downclocking ratio for generating a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) to be transmitted in a vehicular communication network. The communication device generates the PPDU i) according to the selected downclocking ratio, and ii) as a downclocked version of a PPDU format defined by one of a) the IEEE 802.11n Standard, b) the IEEE 802.11ac Standard, and c) the IEEE 802.11ax Standard. The communication device transmits the PPDU in the vehicular communication network.

Abstract: A communication device determines a physical layer (PHY) transmission mode for transmitting a wakeup radio (WUR) packet. The communication device generates a first portion of the WUR packet, the first portion corresponding to a WLAN legacy PHY preamble and spanning a first frequency bandwidth. The communication device generates a second portion of the WUR packet, the second portion of the WUR packet spanning a second frequency bandwidth that is less than the first frequency bandwidth. The second portion of the WUR packet includes a PHY sync signal that corresponds to the selected PHY transmission mode, wherein the PHY sync signal is selected from a plurality of different PHY sync signals that respectively correspond to a plurality of different PHY transmission modes. The communication device generates a PHY data portion, within the second portion of the WUR packet, according to the selected transmission mode.

Abstract: A communication device determines that an extension field should be included in physical layer (PHY) data unit to provide a receiver with more processing time to process data included in the PHY data unit, wherein the extension field is not required to be processed by the receiver. The communication device generates i) a PHY preamble of the PHY data unit, and ii) a PHY data portion of the PHY data unit, the PHY data unit conforming to a first communication protocol. Each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the PHY data portion is generated with a first tone spacing, which is a fraction 1/N of a second tone spacing defined by a second communication protocol, wherein N is a positive integer greater than one. The communication device also generates the extension field of the PHY data unit, which is appended to an end of the PHY data portion.

Abstract: A communication device receives a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU). The PPDU includes i) a PHY preamble and ii) PHY data portion that includes one or more PHY midambles, and the PHY preamble includes i) an indication of a length of the PPDU, and ii) an indication of a periodicity of PHY midambles in the PHY data portion. The communication device calculates a number of PHY midambles in the PPDU using i) the indication of the length of the PPDU, and ii) the indication of the periodicity of PHY midambles. The communication device calculates a reception time for the PPDU using the calculated number of PHY midambles, and processes the PPDU using the calculated reception time.