Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to communicating signals to receivers utilizing different protocols. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments, a set of signals are generated to include data configured in accordance with a first protocol and data configured in accordance with a second protocol. The set of signals are communicated over the wireless channel, by using the data corresponding to the first protocol for communicating with receivers operating in accordance with the first protocol and using the data corresponding to the second protocol to communicate with receivers operating in accordance with the second protocol.

Abstract: Certain specific examples are directed to or involve a plurality of vehicular communication stations including a first type and a second type which communicate over a shared communications channel characterized by a common RF frequency band. The stations may also include at least one of the plurality of vehicular communication stations broadcasting a set of vehicle-specific data over the shared communication channel for reception by the first type according to a first wireless communication protocol and concurrently for reception by the second type according to a second different wireless communication protocol. The broadcast may include a plurality of repetitive consecutive transmissions of the set of vehicle-specific data which may allow for improved range extension and reliability. Each of the repetitive consecutive transmissions may be formatted consistent with the first wireless communication protocol.

Abstract: A wireless communication device generates physical layer (PHY) protocol service data units (PSDUs), and, in response to determining that the PHY data unit is to be transmitted according to a HARQ process, generates HARQ coding units of a common length, each of the HARQ coding units including a respective set of one or more PSDUs, and individually encodes the HARQ coding units. The wireless communication device also generates a HARQ signal field to the included in a PHY preamble of the PHY data unit. The HARQ signal field includes i) a common information subfield to indicate one or more parameters that commonly apply to each of at least some of the one or more HARQ coding units and ii) a respective HARQ coding unit information subfield for each of the HARQ coding units to indicate one or more parameters that apply to only the corresponding HARQ coding unit.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of tracking errors in a container cluster network overlaying a software defined network (SDN), sometimes referred to as a virtual network. The method sends a request to instantiate a container cluster network object to an SDN manager of the SDN. The method then receives an identifier of a network resource of the SDN for instantiating the container cluster network object. The method associates the identified network resource with the container cluster network object. The method then receives an error message regarding the network resource from the SDN manager. The method identifies the error message as applying to the container cluster network object. The error message, in some embodiments, indicates a failure to initialize the network resource. The container cluster network object may be a namespace, a pod of containers, or a service.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method is for communicating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) that utilizes multi-user multiple input, multiple output (MU-MIMO). A first communication device determines an allocation of spatial streams for multiple second communication devices that are intended receivers of an multi-user multiple input, multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission by the first communication device. The first communication device generates a subfield that indicates respective numbers of spatial streams allocated to respective second communication devices, the generating the subfield performed according to an encoding that supports allocating up to sixteen spatial streams to up to eight intended receivers. The first communication device generates a multi-user physical layer (PHY) data unit that includes i) a PHY preamble, and ii) a PHY data portion. The PHY preamble is generated to include the subfield, and the PHY data portion is generated to include the MU-MIMO transmission.

Abstract: A communication device determines that a communication channel to be used for a multi-user (MU) transmission spans a frequency bandwidth greater than 160 MHz. The communication device allocates one or more frequency resource units (RUs) for the MU transmission, including: in response to determining that the communication channel spans the frequency bandwidth greater than 160 MHz, selecting one or more frequency RUs from a second set of frequency RUs. The second set of frequency RUs omits at least some RUs of a smallest bandwidth that are included in a first set of RUs that is used for allocating frequency RUs for communication channels having bandwidths of at most 160 MHz. The communication device generates allocation information that indicates the allocation of the one or more frequency RUs for the MU transmission, and transmits the allocation information to one or more other communication devices in connection with the MU transmission.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for operating a Basic Service Set (BSS) are disclosed. A method involves announcing, by a first wireless device to a second wireless device, a BSS operating channel, wherein the first wireless device has at least one of a first transmission power capability and a first bandwidth capability, the second wireless device has at least one of a second transmission power capability that is less than the first transmission power capability and a second bandwidth capability that is narrower than the first bandwidth capability, and wherein the BSS operating channel is at least one of a punctured operating channel and an unpunctured operating channel, associating, by the second wireless device, with the first wireless device via the announcement of the BSS operating channel from the first wireless device, and exchanging frames between the first wireless device and the second wireless device in the BSS operating channel.

Abstract: A first communication device receives a null data packet (NDP) transmitted by a second communication device as part of a multi-user beamforming training transmission sequence. The NDP includes a set of one or more training signals that allow the first communication device to estimate a communication channel from the second communication device to the first communication device. The first communication device generates, based on the set of one or more training signals included in the NDP received from the second communication device, an aggregate media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) to include a plurality of fragments of beamforming training information for the second communication device. No single fragment among the plurality of fragments includes an entirety of the beamforming training information. The first communication device transmits the A-MPDU to the second communication device in a single physical layer (PHY) data unit and as part of a multi-user transmission.

Abstract: A first communication device transmits a plurality of training signals to a second communication device via a communication channel The first communication device receives feedback generated at the second communication device based on the plurality of training signals. The feedback includes steering matrix information for a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) tones and (ii) additional phase information corresponding to channel estimates obtained for the plurality of OFDM tone. The first communication device constructs, based on the steering matrix information, a plurality of steering matrices corresponding to the plurality of OFDM tones, and compensates, using the additional phase information, the plurality of steering matrices to reduce phase discontinuities between the OFDM tones. The first communication device steers, using the compensated steering matrices, at least one transmission via the communication channel to the second communication device.

Abstract: A first aggregated MAC protocol data unit (A-MPDU) is generated for transmission over a first frequency segment of a communication channel, and a second A-MPDU is generated for transmission over a second frequency segment of the communication channel. A PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) is generated to include the plurality of A-MPDUs and a second PPDU is generated to include the second A-MPDU. A first transmit processor generates a first RF signal for transmission of the first PPDU over the first frequency segment and a second transmit processor generates a second RF signal for transmission of the second PPDU over the second frequency segment. The first RF signal is transmitted in the first frequency segment simultaneously with the second RF signal being transmitted in the second frequency segment.

Abstract: In an IEEE 802.11bc wireless system, aggregated data frames are communicated between first and second STA devices by configuring the first STA device to assemble and transmit an A-MPDU frame having multiple A-MPDU subframes characterized by a fixed MPDU start spacing parameter and a fixed maximal MPDU length parameter, where the first STA device is configured with the fixed MPDU start spacing parameter and the fixed maximal MPDU length parameter without negotiating association request and response messages, and by configuring the second STA device to assemble and transmit a BA message comprising a BA bitmap identifying the one or more of the multiple A-MPDU subframes which are not successfully received by the second STA device, where the BA bitmap has a size characterized by a fixed buffer size parameter which is configured at the second STA device without negotiating add BA request (ADDBA Request) request and response messages.

Abstract: A first communication device encodes, according to a non-rate-matching coding scheme, a set information bits to generate a set of coded bits, generates a first physical layer (PHY) data unit to include at least some of the coded bits, and transmits the first PHY data unit in an initial hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission to a second communication device. Subsequently, in response to determining that the second communication device was not able to properly decode the set of coded bits based on the initial HARQ transmission, the first communication device selects a subset of the set of coded bits, the subset including some, but not all, coded bits that were included in the initial HARQ transmission, generates a second PHY data unit to include the subset of coded bits, and transmits the second PHY data unit in a HARQ retransmission to the second communication device.

Abstract: One example discloses an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless communications device, including: a processor configured to generate a hybrid-physical protocol data unit (hybrid-PPDU) that includes a set of sub-PPDUs; a first sub-PPDU in the set of sub-PPDUs includes a first preamble portion and a first data payload portion; a second sub-PPDU in the set of sub-PPDUs includes a second preamble portion and a second data payload portion; wherein an OFDMA communications signal includes a set of symbol tones divided into a set of resource units (RUs); wherein the processor is configured to map the first sub-PPDU to a first RU within the set of RUs, and map the second sub-PPDU to a second RU within the set of RUs; and wherein the first preamble portion corresponds to a first 802.11 packet format, and the second preamble portion corresponds to a second 802.11 packet format.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave communication system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is configured to be connected to a waveguide that is transmissive at millimeter-wave frequencies, the waveguide having a propagation parameter that varies with frequency at the millimeter-wave frequencies. The transmitter is configured to generate a millimeter-wave signal comprising multiple sub-carriers that are modulated with data, wherein each sub-carrier is modulated with a respective portion of the data and is subjected to only a respective fraction of a variation in the propagation parameter, and to transmit the millimeter-wave signal into a first end of the waveguide. The receiver is configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal from a second end of the waveguide, and to extract the data from the multiple sub-carriers.

Abstract: A wireless communication device generates physical layer (PHY) protocol service data units (PSDUs), and, in response to determining that the PHY data unit is to be transmitted according to a HARQ process, generates HARQ coding units of a common length, each of the HARQ coding units including a respective set of one or more PSDUs, and individually encodes the HARQ coding units. The wireless communication device also generates a HARQ signal field to the included in a PHY preamble of the PHY data unit. The HARQ signal field includes i) a common information subfield to indicate one or more parameters that commonly apply to each of at least some of the one or more HARQ coding units and ii) a respective HARQ coding unit information subfield for each of the HARQ coding units to indicate one or more parameters that apply to only the corresponding HARQ coding unit.

Abstract: An optimal detection voltage obtaining method, a reading control method and an apparatus are provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for measuring an actual temperature of a flame by using all information of a radiation spectrum and a measurement system thereof. The method includes: conducting more theoretical data processing by using energy level structure correction, wherein all information of the radiation spectrum can be used; and by way of a keyboard input manner or a data transmission input manner, acquiring an energy level structure correction parameter, and finally acquiring a more accurate actual temperature value of a measured flame. The method effectively overcomes a defect that the true temperature of the flame can be obtained by only conducting radiance correction through data processing with great calculations when adpted multi-spectral temperature measurement method.

Abstract: A multi-purpose insulating beverage container includes an outer container with an open upper end, a removable inner container configured for insertion into the outer container via the open upper end, and a cover adapted to engage the outer container and retain the inner container within the outer container. The inner container includes a plurality of annular side ledges with decreasing diameters sized to support beverage bottles or cans of different sizes.

Abstract: Examples of wireless communication based on link use capabilities of multi-link devices is disclosed. A first multi-link device receives a first physical layer conformance procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a first link from a second multi-link device and transmits a second PPDU on the second link based on a link use capability of the second multi-link device and a backoff counter counting down to a predetermined value. A first multi-link device also transmits a PPDU on the first link and the second link at a same start time based on an link idle determination and the backoff counter counting down to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A first data unit is transmitted which indicates to a remote device to transmit a second data unit. The first data unit comprises an indication to transmit a second data unit. The first data unit comprises a value which indicates that the remote device is to transmit the second data unit and does not indicate a protocol which defines a format of the second data unit. The protocol which defines the format of the second data unit is based on a protocol which defines a format of the first data unit. The second data unit is received from the remote device in response to the transmission of the first data unit.