Abstract: Described herein is a laminate including at least one first layer of at least one first metal and at least one further layer of a polymer composition (PC). Also described herein is a process for producing the laminate.

Abstract: A composition comprising a monomer of the general formula (M1) wherein M is a metal or semimetal of main group 3 or 4 of the periodic table; XM1, XM2 are each O; RM1, RM2 are the same or different and are each an —CRaRb—Ar—O—Rc; Ar is a C6 to C30 carbocyclic ring system; Ra, Rb are the same or different and are each H or C1 to C6 alkyl; Rc is C1-C22-alkyl, benzyl or phenyl; q according to the valency and charge of M is 0 or 1; XM3, XM4 are the same or different and are each O, C6 to C10 aryl, or —CH2—; RM3, RM4 are the same or different and are each RM1, H, C1-C22 alkyl, or a polymer selected from a polyalkylene, a polysiloxane, or a polyether.

Abstract: A crossbar assembly for a motor vehicle having a detachable roof and a roll bar includes a stanchion having a first connection portion configured to connect in a first configuration the stanchion to the roof when the roof is attached to the roll bar, the stanchion having a second connection portion configured to connect in a second configuration to the roll bar when the roof is removed from the roll bar. A crossbar is connected to the stanchion.

Abstract: A resin composition, comprising (a) at least one epoxy resin, and (b) at least one siloxane-type curing agent of formula C22 or C31 (C22) (C31) wherein the resin composition does essentially not contain any fluoride or bromide.

Abstract: Described herein is a laminate including at least one first layer of at least one first metal and at least one further layer of a polymer composition (PC). Also described herein is a process for producing the laminate.

Abstract: A crossbar assembly for a motor vehicle having a detachable roof and a roll bar includes a stanchion having a first connection portion configured to connect in a first configuration the stanchion to the roof when the roof is attached to the roll bar, the stanchion having a second connection portion configured to connect in a second configuration to the roll bar when the roof is removed from the roll bar. A crossbar is connected to the stanchion.

Abstract: A method of generating a user influenced recommendation list is provided. The method includes the steps of detecting a first user device and detecting a second user device within a predetermined zone within a compartment of the vehicle; coupling the first user device and the second user device to a recommendation engine; uploading a first preference list of contents from the first user device and a second preference list of contents from the second user device to the recommendation engine; selecting a ratio of contents from the first preference list and second preference list; and generating a third preference list of recommended contents, by the recommendation engine, by analyzing the selected ratio of contents from the first and second preference lists. The ratio is selected via a GUI. A system is provided for the implementation of the method.

Abstract: A detector-readout interface for an avalanche particle detector comprises a resistive layer formed at a bottom side of a gas chamber and a dielectric layer formed under said resistive layer and is adapted for capacitive coupling to an external readout board. This provides a modular detector configuration in which the readout card and detector core can be combined freely and interchangeably. The readout board can even be removed or replaced without switching off the detector. At the same time, the configuration provides an effective protection against sparks and discharges, and in particular obliviates the need for additional protecting circuits. The configuration may be employed in any avalanche particle detector, such as the MicroMegas or GEM detectors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.

Abstract: The readout electrode assembly of an avalanche particle detector can be effectively protected against sparks and discharges by means of a plurality of resistor pads formed in a dielectric cover layer above the readout pads. The resistor pads may either be connected directly to the readout pads, or may be coupled capacitively by means of a charge spreading pad embedded into the dielectric cover layer and spatially separated from the readout pads. The charge spreading pad allows the distribution of charges to neighboring readout pads, and may hence increase the spatial resolution of the detector device.

Abstract: A detector-readout interface for an avalanche particle detector comprises a resistive layer formed at a bottom side of a gas chamber and a dielectric layer formed under said resistive layer and is adapted for capacitive coupling to an external readout board. This provides a modular detector configuration in which the readout card and detector core can be combined freely and interchangeably. The readout board can even be removed or replaced without switching off the detector. At the same time, the configuration provides an effective protection against sparks and discharges, and in particular obliviates the need for additional protecting circuits. The configuration may be employed in any avalanche particle detector, such as the MicroMegas or GEM detectors.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a gas electron multiplier. One method comprises a step of preparing a blank sheet comprised of an insulating sheet with first and second metal layers on its surface, a first metal layer hole forming step in which the first metal layer is patterned by means of photolithography, such as to form holes through the first metal layer, an insulating sheet hole forming step, in which the holes formed in the first metal layer are extended through the insulating layer by etching from the first surface side only, and a second metal layer hole forming step, in which the holes are extended through the second metal layer. Alternatively, the second metal layer hole forming step is performed by electrochemical etching, such that the first metal layer remains unaffected during etching of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A readout board for use in a micropattern gas detector comprises a plurality of detector pads arranged into a plurality of consecutive layers that are separated by dielectric spacer material. An electron cloud hitting the front side of the readout board will induce a charge on one of the detector pads of the uppermost layer. By capacitive coupling, the signal will propagate downwards through the consecutive layers until it reaches the bottom layer, from which the charges are read out and analyzed. The position of the impact can be determined by comparing the charges that have spread to neighboring readout pads. Since only the bottommost layer of the readout pads needs to be connected to readout electronics, incident particles can be localized at high precision despite the relatively large size of the readout pads in the bottom layer. The invention is effective both in a gas electron multiplier (GEM) and in a MicroMegas detector.

Abstract: A readout board for use in a micropattern gas detector comprises a plurality of detector pads arranged into a plurality of consecutive layers that are separated by dielectric spacer material. An electron cloud hitting the front side of the readout board will induce a charge on one of the detector pads of the uppermost layer. By capacitive coupling, the signal will propagate downwards through the consecutive layers until it reaches the bottom layer, from which the charges are read out and analyzed. The position of the impact can be determined by comparing the charges that have spread to neighboring readout pads. Since only the bottommost layer of the readout pads needs to be connected to readout electronics, incident particles can be localized at high precision despite the relatively large size of the readout pads in the bottom layer. The invention is effective both in a gas electron multiplier (GEM) and in a MicroMegas detector.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.

Abstract: The readout electrode assembly of an avalanche particle detector can be effectively protected against sparks and discharges by means of a plurality of resistor pads formed in a dielectric cover layer above the readout pads. The resistor pads may either be connected directly to the readout pads, or may be coupled capacitively by means of a charge spreading pad embedded into the dielectric cover layer and spatially separated from the readout pads. The charge spreading pad allows the distribution of charges to neighboring readout pads, and may hence increase the spatial resolution of the detector device.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a gas electron multiplier. One method comprises a step of preparing a blank sheet comprised of an insulating sheet with first and second metal layers on its surface, a first metal layer hole forming step in which the first metal layer is patterned by means of photolithography, such as to form holes through the first metal layer, an insulating sheet hole forming step, in which the holes formed in the first metal layer are extended through the insulating layer by etching from the first surface side only, and a second metal layer hole forming step, in which the holes are extended through the second metal layer. Alternatively, the second metal layer hole forming step is performed by electrochemical etching, such that the first metal layer remains unaffected during etching of the second metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detector in which primary electrons are released into a gas by ionizing radiation from a radiation source (10) and are caused to drift to read-out electrodes (1) by means of an electric field (2) generated by applying a negative tension to a drifting electrode (11) located near the radiation source (10), characterized in that it comprises three sets of longitudinal electrodes (1) forming three superposed planes which are substantially perpendicular to said electric field (2), the longitudinal electrodes (1) in the respective planes being applied progressively positive tensions relatively to the drifting electrode (11) when going from the plane (4) closest to the drifting electrode to the plane (4?) farthest from the drifting electrode, said plane (4?) farthest from the drifting electrode being applied a positive tension.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making a multilayer module with high-density printed circuits, which consists in: preparing a substrate (1) with double-sided printed circuits (3) whereon is bonded a single-sided plated (7) polyimide (6) additional layer using a polymerisable two-phase epoxy liquid (8); after selectively etching (9) the metal, carrying out anisotropic chemical drilling of micro-holes (12) through the polyimide film (6) by immersing the latter in a static bath of a potassium-added aqueous ethylene-diamine solution at least at 25° C.; rinsing the adhesive (8) by spraying a solvent in the base of the micro-holes (12); plating the micro-holes (12); and selectively etching the outer metallic film (7, 13) to form therein printed circuits (14) including the plated micro-holes (15).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making a multilayer module with high-density printed circuits, which consists in: preparing a substrate (1) with double-sided printed circuits (3) whereon is bonded a single-sided plated (7) polyimide (6) additional layer using a polymerisable two-phase epoxy liquid (8); after selectively etching (9) the metal, carrying out anisotropic chemical drilling of micro-holes (12) through the polyimide film (6) by immersing the latter in a static bath of a potassium-added aqueous ethylene-diamine solution at least at 25° C.; rinsing the adhesive (8) by spraying a solvent in the base of the micro-holes (12); plating the micro-holes (12); and selectively etching the outer metallic film (7, 13) to form therein printed circuits (14) including the plated micro-holes (15).