Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a transistor, and a ring resonator. The transistor is over the substrate. The ring resonator is over the substrate and overlaps with the transistor. The ring resonator includes a conductive loop and an impedance matching element. The conductive loop includes a loop portion having two first parts and a second part and two feeding lines. Each of the first parts of the loop portion is between the second part of the loop portion and one of the feeding lines, and a tunnel barrier of the transistor is closer to the second part than to the feeding lines. The impedance matching element is closer to the feeding lines than to the second part.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a transistor, and a ring resonator. The transistor is over the substrate. The ring resonator is over the substrate and includes a conductive loop and an impedance matching element. The conductive loop overlaps with the transistor. The impedance matching element is on the conductive loop and electrically isolated from the transistor.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a transistor, and a ring resonator. The transistor is over the substrate. The transistor is configured to generate a quantum dot. The ring resonator is over the substrate and includes a conductive loop and an impedance matching element. The conductive loop overlaps with the transistor. The impedance matching element is on the conductive loop and is configured to determine a resonance frequency of the ring resonator.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a transistor, and a ring resonator. The transistor is over the substrate. The transistor is configured to generate a quantum dot. The ring resonator is over the substrate and includes a conductive loop and an impedance matching element. The conductive loop overlaps with the transistor. The impedance matching element is on the conductive loop and is configured to determine a resonance frequency of the ring resonator.