Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a new class of antimicrobial agents. In particular, this disclosure provides the identification and characterization of novel spiro-lactam compounds as anti-HIV/AIDS and anti-malarial agents. Furthermore, this disclosure also provides the preparation of spiro-?-penicillanic acids, which proved to be potent inhibitors of HIV.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a new class of antimicrobial agents. In particular, this disclosure provides the identification and characterization of novel spiro-lactam compounds as anti-HIV/AIDS and anti-malarial agents. Furthermore, this disclosure also provides the preparation of spiro-?-penicillanic acids, which proved to be potent inhibitors of HIV.

Abstract: 3D cell cultures contain hepatic cells and are infected by a pathogen. Such cell cultures are prepared by, for example, inoculating a single-cell suspension containing hepatic cells expanded in a 2D culture in an agitation-based culture system. Next, the resulting cell culture is agitated at a given agitation rate. Then, the resulting 3D cell culture containing cell aggregates is incubated with a pathogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a new class of antimicrobial agents. In particular, this disclosure provides the identification and characterization of novel spiro-lactam compounds as anti-HIV/AIDS and anti-malarial agents. Furthermore, this disclosure also provides the preparation of spiro-?-penicillanic acids, which proved to be potent inhibitors of HIV.

Abstract: A method for inducing protective immunity in a vertebrate host against malaria, by administering to the host a live rodent Plasmodium organism and exploiting its cross-species protection potential. A method to use genetically engineered live rodent Plasmodium organisms expressing antigens from different stages of the life cycle of human-infective Plasmodium species to immunize vertebrate hosts against malaria. The invention further provides for the production of a vaccine composition, by suspending wild-type or genetically modified rodent Plasmodium organisms in a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier solution.

Abstract: A method for inducing protective immunity in a vertebrate host against malaria, by administering to the host a live rodent Plasmodium organism and exploiting its cross-species protection potential. A method to use genetically engineered live rodent Plasmodium organisms expressing antigens from different stages of the life cycle of human-infective Plasmodium species to immunize vertebrate hosts against malaria. The invention further provides for the production of a vaccine composition, by suspending wild-type or genetically modified rodent Plasmodium organisms in a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier solution.