Abstract: A method is provided that includes receiving a data request from a requesting device requesting data from a data source, looking up, in a blockchain ledger, a transaction corresponding to the data request to validate the data request, forwarding the validated data request to a data server, receiving a data response from the data server in response to the data request, wherein the data response comprises the requested data from the data source, and forwarding the data response to the requesting device.

Abstract: A method which comprises storing a readable identifier, which identifies a semiconductor product, and a unique key, being unique for said semiconductor product or for a group of semiconductor products, in a memory of said semiconductor product, generating an initial security data structure, said initial security data structure depending on a root key and on said unique key, wherein both said root key and said unique key are assigned to said semiconductor product, and wherein said initial security data structure is assigned to said readable identifier, and supplying said initial security data structure to said semiconductor product for further processing.