Abstract: An optical communication system includes N optical modules at the local end. Each optical module includes a first optical interface and a second optical interface. A first optical interface of a first optical module in each of the N optical modules at the local end is connected to a peer end through a common optical fiber. A second optical interface of an ith optical module in the N optical modules at the local end is connected to a first optical interface of an (i+1)th optical module in the N optical modules at the local end, and i=1, 2, . . . , N?1.

Abstract: A method of multi-access point (multi-AP) communication performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprises: receiving a first trigger frame from a first access point (AP) of a plurality of APs, the first trigger frame comprising first information; receiving a second trigger frame from a second AP of the plurality of APs at a predetermined time duration after receiving the first trigger frame, the second trigger frame also comprising the first information of the first trigger frame; generating a synchronization frame based on the first trigger frame and the second trigger frame, the synchronization frame comprising synchronization information; transmitting the synchronization frame to at least the first AP and the second AP; and receiving a data transmission based on the synchronization information from each of the first AP and the second AP.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a five-membered ring-fused six-membered ring compound, a preparation method therefor, and a pharmaceutical composition and the use thereof. Provided in the present invention is a compound as represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or an isotope compound thereof. The compound of the present invention has an inhibition and/or degradation effect on IRAK4.

Abstract: In a network handover method disclosed in this application, when an electronic device accesses a first mobile network by using the first SIM card, the electronic device obtains network information of the first mobile network in a process in which the electronic device moves along a first route. When the electronic device predicts, according to the obtained network information of the first mobile network, that an exception is going to occur in the first mobile network, the electronic device accesses the second mobile network by using the second SIM card. In this technical solution, an electronic device having a dual SIM card can be handed over from a first mobile network to a second mobile network in advance when it is predicted that an exception is going to occur in the first mobile network, thereby reducing the possibility of frame freezing or network disconnecting when a user accesses the Internet.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed physical layer signaling in a wireless local area network system are provided. Among the methods is a method that may include any of generating an extremely high throughput (EHT) physical (PHY) layer protocol data unit (PDU) (PPDU) based on a PPDU format defining a preamble comprising (i) a fixed duration universal signaling (U-SIG) field, (ii) an EHT signaling (EHT-SIG) field, and (iii) an EHT short training field (EHT-STF), wherein the U-SIG and EHT-SIG fields respectively comprise an extra signaling indicator and extra signaling to support a third feature; and transmitting the U-SIG and EHT-SIG fields on a first bandwidth segment, followed by the EHT-STF on any of the first bandwidth segment and a second bandwidth segment, followed by (iii) an EHT data field on any of the first and second bandwidth segments.

Abstract: A method performed by a station (STA) associated with a first access point (AP), wherein the first AP is part of a multi-AP (MAP) set comprising the first AP and at least a second AP, may compromise: receiving, from the second AP that the STA is not associated with, a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame, the NDPA frame including a Special STA Info field including an association identifier (AID) relating to the association between the STA and the first AP; receiving a null data packet (NDP) frame from the second AP that the STA is not associated with; and transmitting, to the first AP, feedback based on the NDP frame.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a five-membered ring-fused six-membered ring compound, a preparation method therefor, and a pharmaceutical composition and the use thereof. Provided in the present invention is a compound as represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or an isotope compound thereof. The compound of the present invention has an inhibition and/or degradation effect on IRAK4.

Abstract: A station may be configured to transmit, to an access point (AP) via the transceiver, an association request frame or a reassociation request frame. The STA may be configured to receive, from the AP, an association response frame and/or a reassociation response frame, and transmit, to the AP via the transceiver, an enhanced data privacy (EDP) epoch request frame. The EDP epoch request frame may include a desired EDP epoch action which conveys group epoch parameters. The desired EDP epoch action may include a request to create a new EDP epoch group, join a different EDP epoch group than the assigned EDP epoch group, and/or leave the assigned EDP epoch group. The STA may be configured to receive, from the AP, an EDP epoch response frame that conveys results of the desired EDP epoch action.

Abstract: A vehicle performs independent control on each wheel. The method includes: determining whether an acquired desired steering mode of a user is the same as a current steering mode of the vehicle; acquiring, if the current steering mode is different from the desired steering mode, a current vehicle speed of the vehicle and a current wheel speed of each wheel, and determining whether the vehicle satisfies a steering switching condition; and switching, if the vehicle satisfies the steering switching condition, the vehicle from the current steering mode to the desired steering mode. According to the method, when a vehicle satisfies a steering switching condition, the vehicle is controlled to be switched from any steering mode to a desired mode required by a user, thereby effectively reducing steering operation burden of the user.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to user equipment for a cell measurement. One example user equipment includes a cell control unit and a cell measurement unit. The cell control unit is configured to determine at least one first neighboring cell belonging to a first priority and/or at least one second neighboring cell belonging to a second priority among at least one neighboring cell adjacent to a serving cell of the user equipment, where the first priority is lower than the second priority. When the at least one neighboring cell includes the at least one first neighboring cell, a cell measurement policy includes measuring the at least one first neighboring cell in a plurality of discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles, where a time interval between two adjacent measurements on the first neighboring cell is greater than or equal to one DRX cycle.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for transmitting a message. For example, a first radio access technology (RAT) and/or a second RAT may be determined. The first RAT may be determined for reception of data. The second RAT may be determined for the reception of the data, perhaps for example based on an indication received via the first RAT. The data may be received via a first node associated with the first RAT and a second node associated with the second RAT.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple AP coordination in wireless local area networks (WLANs). For example, a station (STA) may receive, from a first access points (APs), a probe response frame that includes one or more indicators indicating multiple AP operation capabilities of the first AP and a second AP. The STA may transmit, to at least one of the first AP or the second AP, a multiple AP association request frame that enables the first AP to be associated with the second AP for a multiple AP operation. The STA may receive, from the first AP, a first multiple AP association response frame indicating acceptance or rejection of the multiple AP operation with the first AP. The STA may receive, from the second AP, a second multiple AP association response frame indicating acceptance or rejection of the multiple AP operation with the second AP.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for reference signal (RS) configuration, generation, and/or transmission in a transmitter/receiver. The method includes receiving information indicating any of at least first and second modes of operation for transmitting a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol including a reference signal (RS), and transmitting the DFT-s-OFDM symbol including: (1) the RS and data tones, on condition that the information indicates the first mode; or (2) the RS and null tones, on condition that the information indicates the second mode, wherein the DFT-s-OFDM symbol is divided into a number of segments, each including a chunk of RS tones, and wherein any of a size or a location of the chunk is determined according to any of the first or second modes.

Abstract: Procedures apply to unequal modulation over spatial streams. A station (STA) may determine, for each of a plurality of spatial streams, an associated modulation order, wherein a first spatial stream has an associated modulation order with a one-dimensional (1D) constellation and a second spatial stream has an associated modulation order with a two-dimensional (2D) constellation. The STA may parse a bit sequence corresponding to an OFDM symbol into the plurality of spatial streams by iteratively allocating, in round robin order for a number of iterations, a respective number of consecutive bits of the OFDM symbol to each of the plurality of spatial streams according to the associated modulation orders and not allocating any bits to the first spatial stream in every second iteration of the round robin order. The STA may transmit the plurality of spatial streams in a plurality of frequency subblocks associated with the plurality of spatial streams.

Abstract: An access point (AP) is configured to: transmit a first simultaneous transmission and reception (STR) request message to a first station (STA), transmit a second STR request message to a second STA, receive a first STR response message from the first STA based on the transmitted first STR request message, and to receive a second STR response message from the second STA based on the transmitted second STR request message. The second STR response message from the second STA is received after the first STR response message is received from the first STA. The second STR response message comprises an indication that STR transmission is allowed. The AP is configured to transmit a first trigger message, based on the indication that the STR transmission is allowed. The first trigger message indicates a STA role field. The AP is configured to receive interference information from the first STA.

Abstract: This application relates to a decoding method, a parameter training method, and an apparatus. One set of weights is determined from at least one set of weights based on a parameter of a first sequence, where the at least one set of weights is determined through training, the one set of weights includes a weight corresponding to K iterations of decoding performed on the first sequence; and in a process of performing decoding on the first sequence, based on the weight corresponding to one iteration of decoding, information about N variable nodes and information about M check nodes corresponding to the first sequence are determined. In embodiments of this application, corresponding weights may be applied to different calculation processes during decoding, making the weights better match the corresponding calculation processes. Therefore, decoding flexibility is improved, and decoding performance is enhanced.

Abstract: A STA receives information indicating a distribution bandwidth and a set of distributed resource units (DRUs) from a plurality of DRU allocations for the distribution bandwidth. The STA determines a first DRU long training field (LTF) sequence associated with a first DRU of the set of DRUs. The first DRU LTF includes a first component and a second component which are a first complementary sequence based on a Golay complementary pair (GCP). The STA determines a second DRU LTF sequence associated with a second DRU of the set, including a third component and at least a fourth component, which are a second complementary sequence based on the GCP. The STA transmits, to an AP, a frame including a physical layer (PHY) preamble including the first DRU LTF and the second DRU LTF, which are associated with a third DRU having a size based on the first and the second DRUs.

Abstract: Methods and system may be used for collision detection for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based random access. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from an access point (AP), a first trigger frame triggering random access using OFDMA. The WTRU may transmit, to the AP, in response to the first trigger frame a trigger-based frame including user specific control information in a signal (SIG) field. The WTRU may receive an acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment (ACK/NAK) message indicating that the trigger-based frame was successfully detected at the AP or that the trigger-based frame was not successfully detected at the AP. The WTRU receive, from the AP, a scheduling retransmission frame including rescheduling information for STAs with corrupted UL transmissions. On a condition that the scheduling retransmission frame indicates that a collision of the trigger-based frame was detected, the WTRU may retransmit the trigger-based frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for orthogonal radar communication are described herein. A method performed by an Access Point (AP) may include estimating, at a first time instance, a channel frequency response (CFR) for a set of subcarriers; allocating, from the set of subcarriers, based on the estimated CFR, a subset of subcarriers for sensing and a subset of subcarriers for data transmission; and transmitting, to a station (STA), data using the subset of subcarriers for data transmission and information indicating the allocated subset of subcarriers for sensing. The method may further comprise receiving feedback from the STA and allocating, from the set of subcarriers, based on the received feedback, another subset of subcarriers for sensing and another subset of subcarriers for data transmission.

Abstract: A battery cell, a battery, and an electric apparatus are disclosed. The battery cell includes: an electrode assembly including a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, where the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material including an active material capable of reversibly deintercalating and intercalating sodium ions, and the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector including a metal substrate; where a constituent material of the metal substrate includes element aluminum, and a mass percentage of the element aluminum is greater than a mass percentage of each of other elements.