Abstract: Provided are separators for a battery cell comprising a polymer layer having a laser-patterned surface and a ceramic layer. The separators can further include a base layer, and the layers of the separator are provided in the following order: base layer, ceramic layer, and polymer layer. The laser-etching of the polymer layer does not modify the other layers of the separator.

Abstract: 3-D magnesium voltaic cells have a magnesium anode coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous protective/electrolyte layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating. The resulting protected 3-D magnesium anode is coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous cathode layer that is electronically and ionically conductive, and includes a magnesium storage medium. Suitable magnesium anodes, in particular, magnesium foam anodes, can be made by pulsed galvanostatic deposition of magnesium on a copper substrate. The protective layer can be formed by electropolymerization of a suitable methylacrylate ester. The continuous cathode layer can be a slurry cathode having powders of an electronic conductor and a reversible magnesium storage component suspended in a magnesium electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A cation exchange membrane includes a film of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate groups. The film has a machine direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to the machine direction. The membrane has a water swell in both the machine direction and the transverse direction of less than about 5%. The membrane has a ratio of in-plane conductivity in the machine direction to in-plane conductivity in the transverse direction of about 0.9 to about 1.1. A process makes a cation exchange membrane including a film of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate groups. The process includes forming a film of the ionomer. The process also includes biaxially stretching the film in both a machine direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to the machine direction. An electrochemical cell has anode and cathode compartments and includes a cation exchange membrane as a separator between the anode and cathode compartments.

Abstract: An electrode comprises carbon nanoparticles and at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles. A surfactant attaches the carbon nanoparticles and the metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles to form an electrode composition. A binder binds the electrode composition such that it can be formed into a film or membrane. The electrode has a specific capacity of at least 450 mAh/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1 C.

Abstract: There is provided an imaging lens having a low profile and a low F-number and allowing satisfactory correction of aberrations. An imaging lens comprises in order from an object side, a first lens L1 with positive refractive power, a second lens L2 with negative refractive power, a third lens L3, a fourth lens L4 with positive refractive power, and a fifth lens L5 with negative refractive power, wherein an image-side surface of said fourth lens L4 is convex in a paraxial region, an object-side surface of said fifth lens L5 is an aspheric surface having at least one inflection point, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied: f/Dep<2.0??(1) 1.2<T3/T2<1.8 ??(2) 15<vd3<35 ??(3) ?1.0<R5f/R5r<?0.

Abstract: An artificial intelligence-based semantic recognition method, apparatus, and device. In the artificial intelligence-based semantic recognition method, a pre-trained semantic recognition model is trained by using a training corpus configured by a developer on a model training platform such as a Bot platform and a negative corpus provided on the model training platform, where the negative corpus is extracted by mapping an encoding value of the training corpus to a negative corpus set. Therefore, the negative corpus is extracted based on the encoding value of the training corpus, and a randomized method for generating the negative corpus is changed into a stable method.

Abstract: There is provided an imaging lens with excellent optical characteristics which satisfies demand of a low profile and a low F-number. An imaging lens comprises in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens with positive refractive power, a second lens with positive refractive power, a third lens with negative refractive power, a fourth lens with positive refractive power, a fifth lens with positive refractive power, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens with negative refractive power, wherein said first lens has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region, said second lens has an image-side surface being convex in a paraxial region, said third lens has an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region, said fourth lens has an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region, said sixth lens has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region, and said seventh lens has an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolyte composition suitable for a lithium ion battery is provided. The aqueous electrolyte composition contains water, an ionic liquid which is a salt of a protonic cation and an anion comprising a fluoroalkylsulfonyl group and a lithium fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt. A lithium ion battery containing the aqueous electrolyte and a vehicle at least partially powered by the battery are also provided.

Abstract: An electrode comprises carbon nanoparticles and at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles. A surfactant attaches the carbon nanoparticles and the metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles to form an electrode composition. A binder binds the electrode composition such that it can be formed into a film or membrane. The electrode has a specific capacity of at least 450 mAh/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1 C.

Abstract: An electrode comprises carbon nanoparticles and at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles. A surfactant attaches the carbon nanoparticles and the metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles to form an electrode composition. A binder binds the electrode composition such that it can be formed into a film or membrane. The electrode has a specific capacity of at least 450 mAh/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1C.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition has a fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt and water. The water is present, relative to the fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt, at a molar ratio within a range of 0.1:1 to 10:1, inclusive. This creates a “water-in-salt” in which individual water molecules are surrounded by salt rather than vice versa. Water contained in this environment is electrochemically stabilized relative to a bulk water. The electrolyte also has an organic carbonate present, relative to the fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt, at a molar ratio within a range of 0.1:1 to 50:1, inclusive. It has been discovered that inclusion of the organic carbonate further increases the electrochemical stability of the water within the “in-salt” environment.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolyte composition suitable for a lithium secondary battery is provided. The aqueous electrolyte composition contains water; lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI); and an ionic liquid comprising an organic cation and a bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide anion (FSI); wherein the ionic liquid is a liquid at 20° C. A lithium secondary battery containing the aqueous electrolyte and a vehicle at least partially powered by the battery are also provided.

Abstract: A zinc ion hybrid battery is provided. The battery contains an anode capable of intercalation and de-intercalation of zinc ions, a cathode having a 4V active material capable of intercalation and de-intercalation of zinc ions, lithium ions and both zinc and lithium ions; and an aqueous electrolyte which comprises: water, and a zinc salt of an anion comprising a fluoroalkylsulfonyl group of formula (I): R—SO2-??(I) wherein R is a perfluoroalkyl group of 1-5 carbons.

Abstract: 3-D magnesium voltaic cells have a magnesium anode coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous protective/electrolyte layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating. The resulting protected 3-D magnesium anode is coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous cathode layer that is electronically and ionically conductive, and includes a magnesium storage medium. Suitable magnesium anodes, in particular, magnesium foam anodes, can be made by pulsed galvanostatic deposition of magnesium on a copper substrate. The protective layer can be formed by electropolymerization of a suitable methylacrylate ester. The continuous cathode layer can be a slurry cathode having powders of an electronic conductor and a reversible magnesium storage component suspended in a magnesium electrolyte solution.

Abstract: 3-D magnesium voltaic cells have a magnesium anode coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous protective/electrolyte layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating. The resulting protected 3-D magnesium anode is coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous cathode layer that is electronically and ionically conductive, and includes a magnesium storage medium. Suitable magnesium anodes, in particular, magnesium foam anodes, can be made by pulsed galvanostatic deposition of magnesium on a copper substrate. The protective layer can be formed by electropolymerization of a suitable methylacrylate ester. The continuous cathode layer can be a slurry cathode having powders of an electronic conductor and a reversible magnesium storage component suspended in a magnesium electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A zinc ion hybrid battery is provided. The battery contains an anode capable of intercalation and de-intercalation of zinc ions, a cathode having a 4V active material capable of intercalation and de-intercalation of zinc ions, lithium ions and both zinc and lithium ions; and an aqueous electrolyte which comprises: water, and a zinc salt of an anion comprising a fluoroalkylsulfonyl group of formula (I): R—SO2—??(I) wherein R is a perfluoroalkyl group of 1-5 carbons.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolyte composition suitable for a lithium secondary battery is provided. The aqueous electrolyte composition contains water; lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI); and an ionic liquid comprising an organic cation and a bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide anion (FSI); wherein the ionic liquid is a liquid at 20° C. A lithium secondary battery containing the aqueous electrolyte and a vehicle at least partially powered by the battery are also provided.

Abstract: 3-D magnesium voltaic cells have a magnesium anode coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous protective/electrolyte layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating. The resulting protected 3-D magnesium anode is coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous cathode layer that is electronically and ionically conductive, and includes a magnesium storage medium. Suitable magnesium anodes, in particular, magnesium foam anodes, can be made by pulsed galvanostatic deposition of magnesium on a copper substrate. The protective layer can be formed by electropolymerization of a suitable methylacrylate ester. The continuous cathode layer can be a slurry cathode having powders of an electronic conductor and a reversible magnesium storage component suspended in a magnesium electrolyte solution.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolyte composition suitable for a lithium ion battery is provided. The aqueous electrolyte composition contains water, an ionic liquid which is a salt of a protonic cation and an anion comprising a fluoroalkylsulfonyl group and a lithium fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt. A lithium ion battery containing the aqueous electrolyte and a vehicle at least partially powered by the battery are also provided.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolyte composition suitable for a lithium ion battery is provided. The aqueous electrolyte composition contains water, at least one of a linear ether and a cyclic ether and a lithium fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt. A lithium ion battery containing the aqueous electrolyte and a vehicle at least partially powered by the battery are also provided.