Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating a pharmacological action of an immune checkpoint inhibitor in a subject to be evaluated, using (i) a concentration value of at least one metabolite among Glu, Arg, Orn, Cit, His, Val, Phe, Tyr, Met, Pro, Asn, Leu, Lys, Thr, Ile, Gln, Ala, Ser, a-ABA, Trp, Gly, AnthA, hAnthA, hIAA, hKyn, hTrp, IAA, ILA, Kyn, KynA, NFKyn, NP, PA, QA, Serot, and XA in blood of the subject to be evaluated, or (ii) a value of a formula calculated using the concentration value and the formula including an explanatory variable to be substituted with the concentration value.

Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating a state of mild cognitive impairment for a subject to be evaluated, using (i) at least one value of concentration values of Put, ?-ABA, Ala, Arg, Asn, Cit, Glu, Gln, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Orn, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val, Taurine, 1-MeHis, 3-MeHis, aAAA, aAiBA, ADMA, Allyl Cys, bABA, bAiBA, Cystathionine, Cysteic acid, EtGly, GABA, hArg, Hypotaurine, Hypro, Kyn, Pyrazole-1-Ala, MCSO, MeCys, N6-AcLys, N8-AcSpd, Opthalmic acid, PEA, Pipecolic acid, Sar, SDMA, Spd, Spm, and Thioproline and test values of Alb, Folate, WBC, RBC, Hb, Ht, and PLT in blood of the subject, or (ii) a value of a formula including an explanatory variable to be substituted with the at least one value, calculated using the at least one value and the formula.

Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating a state of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease for a subject to be evaluated using a concentration value of at least one of ?-ABA, Ala, Arg, Asn, Cit, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Orn, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val, Cysteine, Taurine, GABA, Hypotaurine, S-Adenosyl homocysteine, Sarcosine, Serotonin, Spermidine, hCit, 3-hKyn, aAiBA, N8-Acetylspermidine, Phosphoserine, bABA, ADMA, and Thioproline in blood of the subject.

Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating a state of colorectal cancer for a subject to be evaluated using (i) a concentration value of at least one metabolite of bABA, N-Me-bABA, 1-Me-His, aABA, Aminoadipic acid, bAiBA, Cadaverine, Ethylglycine, GABA, Homoarginine, Hypotaurine, Kinurenine, N6-Acetyl-L-Lys, Putrescine, Serotonin, Spermidine, Spermine, ADMA, Homocitrulline, 3-Me-His, Hydroxyproline, Phosphoethanolamine, SDMA, Acylcarnitine (13:1), and EPA in blood of the subject or (ii) a value of a formula calculated using the concentration value of the metabolite and the formula including an explanatory variable to be substituted with the concentration value of the metabolite.

Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating a state of pancreatic cancer for a subject to be evaluated using (i) a concentration value of at least one metabolite of N-Me-bABA, bABA, GABA, N6-Acetyl-L-Lys, 1-Me-His, aABA, Aminoadipic acid, bAiBA, Cadaverine, Ethylglycine, Homoarginine, Hypotaurine, Kinurenine, Putrescine, Serotonin, Spermidine, Spermine, ADMA, Homocitrulline, 3-Me-His, Hydroxyproline, Phosphoethanolamine, Acylcarnitine (13:1), and EPA in blood of the subject or (ii) a value of a formula calculated using the concentration value of the metabolite and the formula including an explanatory variable to be substituted with the concentration value of the metabolite.

Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating future risk of developing Alzheimer's disease for a subject to be evaluated having mild cognitive impairment using a concentration value of at least one of ?-ABA, Ala, Arg, Asn, Cit, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Orn, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val, Cysteine, Taurine, bABA, Ethylglycine, Hypotaurine, 3-Me-His, 5-HydroxyTrp, aAiBA, and N8-Acetylspermidine in blood of the subject.

Abstract: An evaluating method includes an evaluating step of evaluating a state of lung cancer for a subject to be evaluated using a concentration value of at least one of Homoarginine, GABA, 3-Me-His, ADMA, Spermine, Spermidine, Cystathionine, Sarcosine, aAiBA, bAiBA, Putrescine, N-Acetyl-L-lys, Hypotaurine, bABA, and Ethylglycine in blood of the subject.