Abstract: Improved nanofiltration apparatus and processes utilizing thin film composite asymmetric nanofiltration membranes in which the thin film semi-permeable barrier layer consists of substantially "all aliphatic" polymer(s) prepared, for example, by the interfacial polymerization of one or more aliphatic monomers having two or more substituents selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary amine substitutents with one or more aliphatic monomers having two or more acid halide substituents. The monomers are linked together in the thin film substantially exclusively by amide linkages.

Abstract: It has been discovered (Examples 4, 11 and 17) that certain desirable films will not absorb a sufficient amount of certain desirable, polymerizable monomers as to result in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties after polymerization of any absorbed such monomers and after any subsequent conversion of such absorbed and polymerized monomers into ionizable moieties. It has also been discovered that if a predetermined amount of plasticizer, extractable by such monomers, is incorporated into such films, then the latter will absorb a sufficient amount of such monomers as to result (after polymerization of such monomers) in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties.

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract: This invention pertains to processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents therefor, said solvents also being swelling agents for said membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate and to the products of such processes.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing supported, solid, polymeric sheets from: (I) liquids containing components reactable to polymers; and (II) one or more indefinitely long, foraminous substrates. A more or less continuous sandwich is formed of such substrate(s) and, faced on each side of the substrates as a group, film extending beyond the lateral edges of the substrate(s), the plane of the sandwich deviating from vertical by not more than about 45 degrees.

Abstract: A thin film composite (TPC) ultrafilter/hyperfilter water softening membrane on a microporous substrate is produced by an interfacial polymerization reaction between (1) an aqueous phase comprising a blend of water soluble and water dispersible compounds, the former containing piperazine and polyamines, the latter using a chlorine or other oxidant reacting compound which protects the resulting membrane from damage by any chlorine present and (2) an organic phase comprising polyfunctional agents capable of reacting and/or polmerizing with one or more of the ingredients of said aqueous phase.

Abstract: Processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents, the solvents also being swelling agents for the membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate.

Abstract: Ion exchange membranes of the all-aliphatic structural variety, are made from plastisol films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its copolymers coupled through the nitrogen atom with an aliphatic vinyl monomer containing a tertiary nitrogen atom or a polymer or copolymer of such a monomer such membrane subsequently, quaternized with an alkyl halide.

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangeable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract: This invention pertains to processes and apparatus for manufacturing supported, solid, polymeric sheets from: (I) liquids containing components reactable to polymers; and (II) one or more indefinitely long, foraminous substrates. A more or less continuous sandwich is formed of such substrate(s) and, faced on each side of the substrates as a group, film extending beyond the lateral edges of the substrate(s), the plane of the sandwich deviating from vertical by not more than about 45 degrees.

Abstract: Improved bipolar membranes comprised of two laminates, one a long term base stable thermoset anion exchange membrane and the other a strongly solvent bonded (solvent cast) thermoplastic water insoluble cation exchange membrane. The membranes have a useful level of acid and base efficiencies at low water splitting voltages, along with high current densities.

Abstract: This invention is directed to electrodialysis, electrochemical membrane cells and particularly to components comprising the ion-exchange membranes. These membranes are fabricated containing a reinforcing structure comprised of non-woven carbon fibers derived for example from carbonized polyacrylonitrile. The membranes so produced have a low D.C. electrical resistance (increased conductivity) which enables electrodialysis to be performed more economically.

Abstract: Base stable aliphatic anion exchangers are produced by reacting a water soluble methacrylate ester quaternary amine monomer with a non-water soluble glycol dimethacrylate ester cross-linking monomer.

Abstract: This invention relates to cross-linked copolymers of methacrylate esters containing ionogenic functional groups capable of being converted into high efficiency electro-dialysis membranes. Such totally aliphatic polymer membranes have been found to give electrical resistances which can be as low as one half that of membranes previously synthesized as well as higher interstitial molality. This reduced resistance, in concert with a high degree of chemical and physical stability enables water desalination by electrodialysis to be performed over longer periods of useful membrane life and at a lower expenditure of electrical energy per thousand gallons of water desalted.

Abstract: The invention related to a heterogeneous cation exchange membrane comprised of particles of sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide polyelectrolyte in a fluorocarbon polymeric binder and to the method of making the same.

Abstract: A sulfonated cation exchange polyelectrolyte obtained by reacting a polyphenylene sulfide polymer with oleum containing 10 to 65% by weight of sulfur trioxide.