Abstract: A compressor (20) has a case (22) and a crankshaft (38). The case has a number of cylinders (30-32). For each of the cylinders, the compressor includes a piston (34) mounted for reciprocal movement at least partially within the cylinder. A connecting rod (36) couples each piston to the crankshaft. A pin (44) couples each connecting rod to the associated piston. Each pin has first (52) and second (53) end portions mounted to first (56) and second (57) receiving portions of the associated piston and a central portion (48) engaging the associated connecting rod. For each of the pistons a pair of first and second at least partially non-metallic plugs have respective stems received in the pin first and second end portions and respective heads facing a wall surface of the associated cylinder.

Abstract: A compressor (20) has a case (22) and a crankshaft (38). The case has a number of cylinders (30-32). For each of the cylinders, the compressor includes a piston (34) mounted for reciprocal movement at least partially within the cylinder. A connecting rod (36) couples each piston to the crankshaft. A pin (44) couples each connecting rod to the associated piston. Each pin has first (52) and second (53) end portions mounted to first (56) and second (57) receiving portions of the associated piston and a central portion (48) engaging the associated connecting rod. For each of the pistons a pair of first and second at least partially non-metallic plugs have respective stems received in the pin first and second end portions and respective heads facing a wall surface of the associated cylinder.

Abstract: An internal gear pump (100) comprises: a rotor/torque ring comprising an internally lobed (140) rotor (130) and a torque ring (120) extending beyond at least a first end (134) of the rotor; an externally lobed (160) idler (150) encircled by the rotor; a hollow shaft (190) supporting the idler; a pressure relief element (200) positioned to shift between a first condition and a second condition; and a spring (210) biasing the pressure relief element toward the first condition from the second condition. The torque ring has at least one pressure relief port (240A, 240B) positioned so that: in the first condition, the pressure relief element blocks a path from an interior volume (235) of the pump to the pressure relief port; and in the second condition, relative to the first condition the pressure relief element does not block the path.

Abstract: A compressor (20) has a case (22) and a crankshaft (38). The case has a number of cylinders (30-32). For each of the cylinders, the compressor includes a piston (34) mounted for reciprocal movement at least partially within the cylinder. A connecting rod (36) couples each piston to the crankshaft. A pin (44) couples each connecting rod to the associated piston. Each pin has first (52) and second (53) end portions mounted to first (56) and second (57) receiving portions of the associated piston and a central portion (48) engaging the associated connecting rod. For each of the pistons a pair of first and second at least partially non-metallic plugs have respective stems received in the pin first and second end portions and respective heads facing a wall surface of the associated cylinder.

Abstract: A compressor (20) has a case (22) and a crankshaft (38). The case has a number of cylinders (30-32). For each of the cylinders, the compressor includes a piston (34) mounted for reciprocal movement at least partially within the cylinder. A connecting rod (36) couples each piston to the crankshaft. A pin (44) couples each connecting rod to the associated piston. Each pin has first (52) and second (53) end portions mounted to first (56) and second (57) receiving portions of the associated piston and a central portion (48) engaging the associated connecting rod. For each of the pistons a pair of first and second at least partially non-metallic plugs have respective stems received in the pin first and second end portions and respective heads facing a wall surface of the associated cylinder.

Abstract: A compressor (20) has a case (22) and a crankshaft (38). The case has a number of cylinders (30 32). For each of the cylinders, the compressor includes a piston (34) mounted for reciprocal movement at least partially within the cylinder. A connecting rod (36) couples each piston to the crankshaft. A pin (44) couples each connecting rod to the associated piston. Each pin has first (52) and second (53) end portions mounted to first (56) and second (57) receiving portions of the associated piston and a central portion (48) engaging the associated connecting rod. For each of the pistons a pair of first and second at least partially non metallic plugs have respective stems received in the pin first and second end portions and respective heads facing a wall surface of the associated cylinder.

Abstract: An internal gear pump (100) comprises: a rotor/torque ring comprising an internally lobed (140) rotor (130) and a torque ring (120) extending beyond at least a first end (134) of the rotor; an externally lobed (160) idler (150) encircled by the rotor; a hollow shaft (190) supporting the idler; a pressure relief element (200) positioned to shift between a first condition and a second condition; and a spring (210) biasing the pressure relief element toward the first condition from the second condition. The torque ring has at least one pressure relief port (240A, 240B) positioned so that: in the first condition, the pressure relief element blocks a path from an interior volume (235) of the pump to the pressure relief port; and in the second condition, relative to the first condition the pressure relief element does not block the path.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration system includes a diesel engine equipped with a combustion air pressurization device, such as a turbo-charger or a supercharger. The diesel engine powers at least one component associated with the transport refrigeration system, such as a refrigeration compressor or an air-moving device.

Abstract: A compressor (20) has a case (22) and a crankshaft (38). The case has a number of cylinders (30 32). For each of the cylinders, the compressor includes a piston (34) mounted for reciprocal movement at least partially within the cylinder. A connecting rod (36) couples each piston to the crankshaft. A pin (44) couples each connecting rod to the associated piston. Each pin has first (52) and second (53) end portions mounted to first (56) and second (57) receiving portions of the associated piston and a central portion (48) engaging the associated connecting rod. For each of the pistons a pair of first and second at least partially non metallic plugs have respective stems received in the pin first and second end portions and respective heads facing a wall surface of the associated cylinder.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration system includes a diesel engine equipped with a combustion air pressurization device, such as a turbo-charger or a supercharger. The diesel engine powers at least one component associated with the transport refrigeration system, such as a refrigeration compressor or an air-moving device.

Abstract: A refrigerant system is provided where the functions of an economizer heat exchanger and liquid-suction heat exchanger are combined. The two configurations are disclosed with a single common heat exchanger construction. In a first configuration, a series of valves selectively routes only one of two possible refrigerant flows through a common heat exchanger such that a control can selectively activate either an economizer heat exchanger circuit or a liquid-suction heat exchanger function. In a second configuration, both refrigerant flows are passed to the common heat exchanger through separate fluid lines and are selectively activated by the control. Variations of the second configuration are also disclosed.

Abstract: The expansion of a high pressure or intermediate pressure refrigerant in an expansion device in a transcritical vapor compression system converts the potential energy into usable kinetic energy. The kinetic energy provides work which is employed to fully or partially drive an expansion motor unit which is coupled to rotating auxiliary machinery. By providing work to the rotating auxiliary machinery, system efficiency is improved. The auxiliary rotating machinery can be an evaporator fan or a gas cooler fan to pull the refrigerant through the evaporator and gas cooler, respectively. Alternatively, the auxiliary rotating machinery can be a water pump or an oil pump.

Abstract: The expansion of a high pressure or intermediate pressure refrigerant in an expansion device in a transcritical vapor compression system converts the potential energy into usable kinetic energy. The kinetic energy provides work which is employed to fully or partially drive an expansion motor unit which is coupled to rotating auxiliary machinery. By providing work to the rotating auxiliary machinery, system efficiency is improved. The auxiliary rotating machinery can be an evaporator fan or a gas cooler fan to pull the refrigerant through the evaporator and gas cooler, respectively. Alternatively, the auxiliary rotating machinery can be a water pump or an oil pump.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for injecting a liquid/vapor into compression chambers at an intermediate pressure utilizes the economizer injection ports already found in the compressor. By selectively communicating a liquid to be injected into the compression chambers to the economizer return line, the economizer return line and its ports are utilized for this liquid/vapor injection. In this way, no additional flow connections at the compressor are necessary. Moreover, by injecting the liquid at an intermediate pressure point, the other benefits are provided. In general, the liquid is injected to reduce the discharge temperature of the refrigerant under certain operational conditions.

Abstract: An Improved Refrigeration System and Heating/Defrost Cycle is disclosed. The system, for heating circulating air and defrosting an enclosed area, includes a refrigerant, an evaporator using said refrigerant for heating the circulating air; and a compressor for receiving the refrigerant from the evaporator and compressing the refrigerant to a higher temperature and pressure. Advantageously, the system further includes the combination of an expansion valve positioned between the compressor and the evaporator for forming a partially expanded refrigerant, a controller for sensing system parameters, and a mechanism responsive to said controller, based on the sensed parameters, for increasing temperature differential between the refrigerant and the circulating air, for improving system efficiency and for optimizing system capacity during heating and defrost cycles.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for cooling air is disclosed. The system includes a substantially liquid refrigerant and an evaporator for transferring heat from the air to the substantially liquid refrigerant. The substantially liquid refrigerant becomes a low temperature, low pressure first substantially gaseous refrigerant. A compressor compresses the first substantially gaseous refrigerant into a high pressure, high temperature superheated second gaseous refrigerant. A lubricant circuit supplies lubricant to the compressor. A condenser rejects heat from the second gaseous refrigerant and forms a high pressure, lower temperature sub-cooled liquid refrigerant. The condenser has an output stream. A metering device transforms the sub-cooled liquid refrigerant into the substantially liquid refrigerant for the evaporator. A heat exchanger receives the first substantially gaseous refrigerant as a coolant on route to the compressor.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for cooling air s disclosed. The system includes a substantially liquid refrigerant and an evaporator for transferring heat from the air to the substantially liquid refrigerant. The substantially liquid refrigerant becomes a low temperature, low pressure first superheated gas refrigerant. A compressor compresses the first superheated gas refrigerant into a high pressure, high temperature second further superheated gas refrigerant. A lubricant circuit supplies lubricant to the compressor, wherein a portion of the lubricant is mixed with the further superheated gas refrigerant. A condenser rejects heat from the second superheated gas refrigerant and forms a high pressure, low temperature sub-cooled liquid refrigerant. The condenser has an output stream. A metering device transforms the sub-cooled liquid refrigerant into the substantially liquid refrigerant for the evaporator.

Abstract: A 250 watt cryocooler employs a Stirling cycle and is capable of maintaining a constant temperature of 77.degree. K. while fitting a standard electronic equipment rack.

Abstract: A crush tube is used to provide a fluid connection between a first and second member. The crush tube has two tubular portions with a spherical portion therebetween. The tubular portions are loosely received in nominally coaxial bores having entrance chamfers. The spherical portion is deformed into contact with the chamfers as well as between the members whereby the tube provides a sealed fluid path between the bores.