Abstract: Provided are microlens arrays for use on the substrate of OLEDs to extract more light that is trapped in waveguided modes inside the devices and methods of manufacturing same. Light extraction with microlens arrays is not limited to the light emitting area, but is also efficient in extracting light from the whole microlens patterned area where waveguiding occurs. Large microlens array, compared to the size of the light emitting area, extract more light and result in over 100% enhancement. Such a microlens array is not limited to (O)LEDs of specific emission, configuration, pixel size, or pixel shape. It is suitable for all colors, including white, for microcavity OLEDs, and OLEDs fabricated directly on the (modified) microlens array.

Abstract: Integrated photoluminescence (PL)-based chemical and biological sensors are provided comprising a photodetector (PD), a long-pass filter, an excitation source, and a sensing element, all based on thin films or structures. In one embodiment the light source is an organic light emitting device (OLED) and the sensing element is based on thin films or solutions in microfluidic channels or wells. The PD and optical filters are based on thin film amorphous or nanocrystalline silicon and related materials. In another embodiment, sensor components are fabricated on transparent substrates, which are attached back-to-back to generate a compact, integrated structure.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manipulating and monitoring analyte flowing in fluid streams. A giant magnetoresistive sensor has an array of sensing elements that produce electrical output signals which vary in dependence on changes in the magnetic field proximate the sensing elements. The analyte is included in a stream, such that the stream has a magnetic property which is dependent on the concentration and distribution on the analyte therein. The stream is flowed past the giant magnetoresistive sensor and in sufficiently close proximity to cause the magnetic properties of the stream to produce electrical output signals. The electrical output signals are monitored as an indicator of analyte concentration or distribution in the stream flowing past the GMR sensor. Changes in the magnetic field produced by the background stream are introduced by analyte molecules, whose presence in the flow past the GMR will effect the output reading.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manipulating and monitoring analyte flowing in fluid streams. A giant magnetoresistive sensor has an array of sensing elements that produce electrical output signals which vary in dependence on changes in the magnetic field proximate the sensing elements. The analyte is included in a stream, such that the stream has a magnetic property which is dependent on the concentration and distribution on the analyte therein. The stream is flowed past the giant magnetoresistive sensor and in sufficiently close proximity to cause the magnetic properties of the stream to produce electrical output signals. The electrical output signals are monitored as an indicator of analyte concentration or distribution in the stream flowing past the GMR sensor. Changes in the magnetic field produced by the background stream are introduced by analyte molecules, whose presence in the flow past the GMR will effect the output reading.

Abstract: An acoustic wave based-chemical sensor utilizing a crystal substrate and a coating of at least two blended materials is disclosed. The blended materials comprise a combination of (a) a high glass transition temperature polymer or a material of high melting point, and (b) a low glass transition temperature polymer or a material having a low melting point. Transducers are connected to the crystal substrate to generate an alternating potential across the crystal substrate, which in turn causes the crystal to resonate due to the converse piezoelectric effect. The blended coating absorbs the analyte, thus changing the mass of the chemical sensor, and accordingly changing its resonant frequency. The transducers detect this change in resonant frequency to indicate that the analyte is present.

Abstract: An acoustic wave based-chemical sensor containing a crystal substrate and a coating of small particulate matter is disclosed. The small particulate matter can be graphite particles. Transducers are connected to the crystal substrate to generate an alternating potential across the crystal substrate, which in turn causes the crystal to resonate due to the converse piezoelectric effect. The coating absorbs the analyte, thus changing the mass of the sensor, and accordingly changing its resonant frequency. The transducers detect this change in resonant frequency to indicate that the analyte is present. The use of small particulate matter results in a coating having a large surface area which facilitates mass uptake of large amounts of VOCs, improved acoustic properties even with relatively thick coatings, and a high operational temperature range.