Abstract: Example methods calibrate battery models in electric aircraft using closed-loop feedback. Test points gaps are received. The aircraft connects to ground support equipment (GSE) and is immobilized. Certain battery packs are selected for testing. Propellers are ramped to create power draws per a test plan while monitoring voltage, current, and temperature telemetry. Selective battery packs are activated to focus loads. Telemetry data is processed and stored. Rest periods allow battery temperature stabilization between test points. Additional packs are tested if needed. Battery models are updated by analyzing telemetry data. Overall, the method maintains customized, accurate battery models using lab testing and in-situ calibration with the GSE. Frequent and ongoing recalibration via closed-loop feedback replaces assumptions with observed data for high-fidelity state-of-health predictions throughout the battery lifetime.

Abstract: Examples relate to a battery management system with an enhanced equivalent circuit model (ECM) for electric vehicles, including electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The system includes a memory to store an equivalent circuit model (ECM) configured to dynamically adjust a series resistance component in real-time based on operational data from a lithium-ion battery. This adjustment models lithium depletion effects under high discharge conditions. At least one processor is configured to continuously refine parameters of the ECM by analyzing discrepancies between predicted and actual battery performance, where the adjustments are based on real-time changes in state of charge, temperature, and current.

Abstract: A method of determining the capability of a nonlinear aircraft power source includes accessing status values representing a current state of an energy storage system in an aircraft, accessing demand values related to expected power demands on the energy storage system, modeling an ongoing status of the energy storage system using the status values and the demand values to predict when one of the status values will reach a threshold value, and providing an output of a capability of the aircraft based on the status value reaching the threshold value.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods of regulating vehicle powertrains in electric vehicles using driving patterns. A vehicle control unit (VCU) can be disposed in the electric vehicle. The VCU can maintain operation profiles. Each operation profile can specify a set of regulation parameters to be applied to the vehicle powertrain for motion measurement and an engine measurement identified as associated with an environmental condition. The VCU can compare the motion measurement and the engine measurement acquired from the sensor with the motion measurement and the engine measurement specified by an operation profile. The VCU can select an operation profile based on the comparison. The VCU can identify the set of regulation parameters for an environmental condition specified by the operation profile. The VCU can apply the set of regulation parameters to the vehicle powertrain to control the propulsion of the electric vehicle in accordance with the operation profile.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods of regulating vehicle powertrains in electric vehicles using driving patterns. A vehicle control unit (VCU) can be disposed in the electric vehicle. The VCU can maintain operation profiles. Each operation profile can specify a set of regulation parameters to be applied to the vehicle powertrain for motion measurement and an engine measurement identified as associated with an environmental condition. The VCU can compare the motion measurement and the engine measurement acquired from the sensor with the motion measurement and the engine measurement specified by an operation profile. The VCU can select an operation profile based on the comparison. The VCU can identify the set of regulation parameters for an environmental condition specified by the operation profile. The VCU can apply the set of regulation parameters to the vehicle powertrain to control the propulsion of the electric vehicle in accordance with the operation profile.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for allocating power distribution in hybrid vehicle drivetrains. An engine instrumentation unit can acquire engine measurements on a hybrid drivetrain of a vehicle. The engine measurements can include a fuel use measurement of a combustion engine and a battery use measurement of an electric motor. A vehicle control unit can maintain a power distribution profile. Each power distribution profile can define a power allocation to the combustion engine and a power allocation to the electric motor specified for engine measurements as associated with an environmental condition. The vehicle control unit can compare the engine measurements. The vehicle control unit can select a power distribution profile based on the comparison. The vehicle control unit can set a power splitter to transfer of the mechanical power from the combustion engine and the electric motor to a differential unit in accordance with the power distribution profile.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling a battery are disclosed. Systems can include a battery having an output voltage and an output current when delivering power, a load driven by power delivered from the battery, battery output voltage and current sensing circuits, and processing circuitry coupled to the battery output voltage and current sensing circuits. The processing circuitry may implement a recurrent neural network for battery state estimation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling a battery are disclosed. Systems can include a battery having an output voltage and an output current when delivering power, a load driven by power delivered from the battery, battery output voltage and current sensing circuits, and processing circuitry coupled to the battery output voltage and current sensing circuits. The processing circuitry may implement a recurrent neural network for battery state estimation.